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The Bulletin of the Adyghe State University, the series "Philology and the Arts" |
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#2 / 2014Literary CriticismAkhmetova D.A.Reflection of an Era and its value for the art reconstruction of the character of Khan Girey in Iskhak Mashbash’s novel «Khan Girey» This paper sheds light on how reflection of an era can play an important role in the reconstruction of an image of the main character. The present research focuses upon innovative approach in art elucidation of the outstanding person of the Adyghe history and culture, emphasizes features of historicism in a representation of the hero and his time in the novel «Khan Girey» and describes the results of research of dramatic vital destiny and the personality of Khan Girey, put down in the historical reflection of an era. It is inferred that for the first time in the Adyghe historical romance philology Iskhak Mashbash created the artistic image of the hero as outstanding personality with various human parameters.
Art comprehension of dialogue of cultures in lyrics of Raisa Akhmatova The paper shows the features of art comprehension of dialogue of cultures in Raisa Akhmatova’s lyrics. A characteristic is given of such types of dialogues, as interaction with folklore and literary creativity of other people; with other art forms (sculpture, dance, instrumental performance); with the persons representing other national literatures; and with historical and cultural space of other times and the people in the form of traveling lyrics taking into account gender approach. The author arrives at a conclusion that traditions of the Russian folklore in respect of their spiritual contents and poetics are efficient for the
Image of man in ethnic - literary tradition of the Circassians (Adyghes) The paper discusses the fundamental literary problem associated with the basic theme - the principles of artistic restore of a man image as a literature hero using the material of the closely related Circassian, Adyghe and Kabardian literatures. In this work we trace literature, ethic and cultural traditions of the Adyghe-Circassians in the artistic image of the person as a representative of the ethnic group. The declared theme is central in the works of ethnographers, folklorists and literary critics.
The art concept of the personality in Václav Mikhalsky’s story «Katenka» The paper explores the art concept of the personality in V. Mikhalsky’s story «Katenka» through the analysis of the categories of «time eternity», «social time», «house», «family», «love» and oppositions «the ordinary-unusual person». The leading type of the personality expressing the author’s ideal is noted to be the cathedral type embodied in an image of Katenka. It is established that formally not belonging to «rural prose», V. Mikhalsky, in the 1960s, approves ideals, consonant to it, and carries on traditions of the Russian classics.
Comprehension of the problem of love in M.A. Bulgakov’s creativity This paper discusses the theme of love in M.A. Bulgakov’s novels «The White Guard» and «The Master and Margarita» and in stories «Towel with a Rooster» and «The Steel Windpipe». Influence of both Christian views and other sources on understanding of this problem is noted. The theme of love in creativity of the writer is disclosed taking into account the Christian tradition in three aspects: love for God, love for the neighbor and sexual love. However, the Christian model of perception of the world can be considered primary in Bulgakov’s creativity. It undergoes modifications under the influence of various philosophical and religious theories.
Specifics of «gothic style» in S. Li’s novel «A Shelter, or the Story of Other Times» The paper explores specific features of «Gothic» poetics. Three narrative levels are defined and analyzed: love - sentimental (gallant and dramatic love stories in the spirit of romantic sensitivity of the 18th century), historical (interpretation of events and the characteristic of historical persons) and «Gothic» (a complex of attributes and motives of «Gothic style»). The main thing is the conclusion that Li’s work represents the «Gothic» novel of new cornerstone the heart of which is the historical - sentimental - Gothic narration.
The personality and creativity of A. Chekhov in I. Ilyin, S. Bulgakov and I. Bunin’s works The paper examines publications of Ivan Ilyin, Sergey Bulgakov and Ivan Bunin about Chekhov. These works show some prepotent lines of the personality and creativity of the writer. A. Chekhov is noted to follow the national tradition of Christocentrism in life and works of different genres. It is inferred that Russianness and religiousness, according to Ilyin, Bulgakov and Bunin, are the main distinctive features of Chekhov, the person and literary artist.
On typological relations of the conflicts in the Adyghe, West European and Arabic literatures An analysis is made of literature of the Adyghe people, the people of Western Europe and the Arab East to compare the conflicts. The problem of the art conflict in prosaic works of these people is considered in a context of social, economic and socio-political changes that occurred in the North Caucasus, in Europe and in the East in the 20th century. The author shows that dialogue of cultures promoted their interaction and interference that is brightly displayed in the course of development of literary process in each of the countries.
On interrelation of macro - and microconflicts in works of the Adyghe writers of the 20th century about the war The paper discusses the socio-political, moral and ethical conflicts depicted in the Adyghe prose and in the drama about the war of the 20th century. An analysis is made of the motivation of macro - and microconflicts. Character of the conflict in prosaic works and in the drama is compared. Types of the conflicts and ways of an embodiment of contradictions of the real world in works of the Kabardian and Circassian authors come to light. The conclusion is drawn that the macroconflicts define the art features of the Adyghe literatures reflecting in turn typological lines of national prose and drama of the 20th century.
Ethnopoetics of the story «A Rockfall» by A.A. Malyshev Motives and images of the nature and landscape sketches are examined to analyze their functional role in the story and to investigate the ethnopoetics. The author describes the principles of depicting the pictures of the nature, related to the world of the hero. It is inferred that landscapes carry the national character, figurativeness, folklore and ethnographic elements.
On an originality of the conflict in a dilogy of A. Evtykh«The Street Extended to Entire Length» and «The Door Was Flung Open» The paper discusses the features of the conflict in a dilogy, showing that the wellknown and usual collisions are peculiar to works of A. Evtykh but nature of their elucidation and art depicting considerably changes. As a result of the analysis, the author fixes lines of new style, an originality of the concept of the personality and arrangement of characters in the novels, which have reflected typological features of the national literature of the 1960s.The conclusion is drawn that in the 1960s there are works in the Adyghe national literature where the usual conflict is built round the character far from nomenclature sublime ideals. The hero, a complicated, inconsistent and doubting person, movable by desire to lead natural life, comes under the spotlight of the author, defining a plot and conflict knots of novels.
Reconstruction of universal lines and ethnonational character in the story «A Rockfall» by A. Malyshev The paper explores the universal lines and national features of heroes. The author provides the ethnological facts, the ethnomarked names, greetings, elements of household culture, etc. It is inferred that the national color, being one of the components of an artistic image, is important for a reconstruction of a certain historical era and for a profound disclosure of national character.
Problems of freedom and unfreedom of the person in the story «A Rockfall» by A. Malyshev: historical realities, universal and national lines The theme of freedom and unfreedom of the Karachay people is examined within a traditional perspective. The story «A Rockfall» for the first time becomes a subject of the scientific analysis. The authors identify the art specifics of the defined subjects and concepts and trace strengthening the dramatic nature of a plot of the story and accuracy of descriptions, placing the emphasis on difficult situations in life of heroes. It is established that the story about the war and deportation could express the main typological tendencies in art searches of writers and publicists of the region.
Madness phenomenon as philosophical basis of «Idiot» and «Master and Margarita» novels rapprochement The comparative analysis of «Idiot» and «Master and Margarita» novels is made from a position of a madness theme common for them. The author shows that in F. Dostoyevsky’s novel the main character prince Myshkin is recognized with official medicine as the patient, but the ideals professed by him, testify to his spiritual purity and health. In the novel by M. Bulgakov madness partly is a condition of metaphysical enlightenment of heroes. It is inferred that the appeal of writers to a phenomenon of madness becomes a sign of crisis attitude and way of search for an exit from the moral deadlock.
On an originality of an art worldview in new mountain poetry of the second half of the 20th century (R. Gamzatov, A. Keshokov and K. Kuliyev) This paper deals with the national sources of sublime - romantic style in works of leading masters of new mountain poetry of the 20th century – Rasoul Gamzatov, Alim Keshokov and Kaysyn Kuliyev in relationship with experience of the Russian and world poetry. It is established that the originality of their romantic art style and reconstruction of a national picture of the world is based on reconsideration of the traditional images receiving in their creativity the new, humanistic contents.
The lyric poetry of Kerim Mkhtse in an orbit of creative interrelations The paper examines creative relations of the Abazin poet K. Mkhtse with national and foreign writers of different eras. The author reveals the plots, images, motives and ideas, which have found the place in poetic heritage of the national author, in the works of Shakespeare, Petrarca, Hamsun, Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, Blok, Rozhdestvensky, Evtushenko, Vysotsky and Kuliyev. It is established that ability of the Abazin poet to interpret and organically use the literary facts in the creative practice enriched an art palette of the national author, formed his esthetic preferences, and built his poetry in the course of traditions of the Russian and world literatures.
The West / East typological opposition in a context of late poems of M.Yu. Lermontov The paper explores the character which has become the key for romantic thinking, the West / East typological opposition, in late poems of M.Yu. Lermontov. Dynamics of development of this opposition, originality of its decision in different works of the poet clears up features of the Russian romanticism and creative individuality of the poet. The conclusion is drawn about an obvious community of the poem «The Song About the Merchant Kalashnikov …» and «Demon» in statement and realization of the problem under study.
FolkloristikKuyek A.S.Inyzh as an image of «the cultural hero» and an epic being in «Nartkher» epos This paper examines the mythological image of an inyzh (giant) as a «cultural hero» and a mythical being of the Nart epos. The inyzh is shown to refer to the mythical beings having steady appearance. In mythology and in the Nart heroic epos of Adyghes there are motives indicating that the inyzhes are perceived as the first settlers of the territory subsequently inhabited by Narts, and then by Adyghes. It is established that giants have become material to create «cultural heroes» in myth-poetic creativity of Adyghes. They are also the first owners of some subjects of culture.
Image of the father in the young literatures The paper deals with the folklore motives and methods of creation of an image of the father which entered art poetic works of writers of the North Caucasus. The author shows that in the young literatures there is a particular image of the father, elder, having prototype in real life. Just he is the founder of a family, the keeper of traditions and the assistant to the main hero of epic work in physical and spiritual development. Similar to mountain folklore, each of the heroes of the literary work is inherent in the high feeling of a filial duty before the father, and it becomes traditional reality for the reader.
National style of the North Caucasus literatures The paper describes the national style and national specifics of the North Caucasus literatures. Poets and writers are shown to consider mentality of the people in most cases that causes special structure of each of their works. Folklore of the young literatures is shown to be distinguished by esthetic ponderability and syncreticity in respect of association of epic, lyrical and drama ways of depicting reality which form real display of national features of life of the North Caucasus people in the reader’s consciousness.
JournalismZolina G.D.The region as a social community in media communicative measurement The paper examines the phenomenon of a social community within synergetic approach to the analysis of process of its formation and development – from entropy (chaos) to a negentropy (order). The author defines the leading metacharacteristics of a social community of the region – identity and image, as well as the harmonized synthesis of development formed by them – identoimage. The conclusion is drawn that the information policy based on the law of mental identity is necessary to create the effective working module of the region imaging.
Convergence as element of formation, strengthening and development of promising commercial model of Russian modern regional mass media The interrelation of processes of commercialization and convergence in the Russian modern media system is studied to detect the general laws, as well as the ways of the most productive interaction within the most promising model of the modern regional mass media. Nature of interaction of these processes is defined within «the media institute – the media market» system. The studies make it clear that the communicative commercial model of regional mass media within the framework of interaction of convergence and commercialization is prospective.
Role of social networks in formation of China’s image This paper sheds light of how social networks can influence public opinion. This must be considered at a choice of channels to impact and advance the image of the state. Positive and negative sides of the Internet and results of perception of China by external audience are analyzed. It is inferred that information opportunities of the Internet are more effective in formation of the international image of the state, including China.
The main commercialization models in a printing segment of the Russian mass media Commercialization models of mass media existing in a printing segment in the national media market are studied in order to transfer in the future the majority of modern regional editions from state into a private property. The characteristic is given of the factors forming basic features of processes taking place within the second wave of commercialization. The main models of commercialization developed by media enterprises in the period of the 1990s privatization are considered in detail and described. The most optimum model of commercial strategy of the media enterprise in the conditions of the second wave of commercialization is proposed.
LinguisticsAbdullaeva Z.R.Meusishin dialect of the Dargwa language in scientific elucidation This paper focuses on scientific study and research of the Meusishin talk belonging to the Muirin dialect of the Dargwa language which is used in the settlement of Meusish of the Republic of Daghestan. This talk can be regarded as unique because it is presented on a joint of territories of three dialects of the Dargwa language: Akushin, Muirin and Urakhin. The carried-out analysis of scientific works on dialects of the Dargwa language shows that the Meusishin dialect has not become object of complex monographic research so far, and data on it have fragmentary character.
Paradigms of language consciousness in cross-cultural communication This paper explores the concept of language consciousness. The consciousness is shown to be not only cognition, but also the attitude of the person to the world in the development of which the big role is played by emotions. The cross-cultural communication is the communication of the language persons belonging to various linguocultural communities. It represents interaction of “speaking consciousnesses”. The authors state that the cross-cultural communication is a communication of carriers of the different cultures whose consciousness is formed by the mental images and notions of their own culture.
Concept of culture as subject of scientific research This paper discusses the concept of culture and the main meanings of this term.The culture is shown to be a specific way of human activity, the storeroom of collective knowledge of people. The culture is a way of fixing and transfer of the gained experience to subsequent generations. It is inferred that the culture is related to consciousness and on the basis of culture of the traditional type the communication model is developed.
Type of speech as a stylistic factor in prose by F.Moriak The paper examines the diverse forms of represented speech as the main stylistic factor in psychological prose by F.Moriak. The identified non-canonical ways of contamination of the author and his character are caused by the phenomena of convergence and interference of different levels of language means. The originality of an art manner of the writer is caused by creation of psychological underlying theme by means of a variation of heroes’ internal speeches and an author’s context within small space of the text.
The virtual language personality in blog-discourse space The paper examines the main problems of the virtual language personality. The language personality in a virtual discourse is shown to possess multi-identity, dynamism and freedom of self-realization. It is established that self-characterization and influence are basic components of self-presentation of the virtual language personality.
Categorization of FRUIT in scientific, trade, culinary and household world pictures Names of fruit are used as an example to identify distinctive features of a categorization of reality in scientific, trade, culinary and household spheres which demonstrates a proposition that there occur indistinct borders of category FRUIT in the Russian language picture of the world. In addition to consideration of scientific descriptions of fruit and trade documentation, an analysis of associative experiment data is proposed to identify the best and worst examples of this category. The FRUIT category structure in consciousness of Russian native speakers is presented as a scheme.
Mentality as object of study in language space Fiction is studied in terms of reflection of national character in the word. Such way of language research gives the chance to comprehend a substantial and conceptual core of the work in a new way, to get into an author’s plan more deeply and to understand the artistic idea. It is inferred that the word of language is filled with a substantial form, and the concept is mentality detection in categories and forms of the native language.
Phytonyms, undergoing univerbation: diachronic aspect This paper explores the phytonymic nominations recorded by etymological dictionaries of Russian language. The present research focuses upon phytonyms, undergoing univerbation, the structure and semantics of which are not always «on the surface» of language. The analysis of similar lexemes is carried out in diachronic aspect, i.e. with attraction of data on history of language. The obtained results indicate that there is an intermediate link in structural and semantic development of the word.
Euphemistical tendencies in modern English This paper addresses a social and communicative nature of English euphemisms in advertising and business language. Euphemisms are shown to be the phenomenon of a social order. They are widely used where it is necessary to veil or soften this or that word or expression. The author emphasizes that it is important to know features of the use of euphemisms to correctly estimate a role of underlying theme, especially at the translation of mass media texts. It is established that euphemisms represent the complicated and inconsistent phenomenon in language: in some cases their use is quite lawful. On the other hand, many expressions become unclear for native speakers.
Repetition as a sign of poetry of Jacques Prevert and peculiarities of its transfer in translation Repetitions in poetic language are considered as a sign of the poet’s idiolect. The specificity of repetition in the poems by French poet Jacques Prevert is shown to be associated with the use of extended regulatory lexical and syntactic chains structuring a verse and promoting the mainstreaming of certain poetic meanings. The article analyzes the transfer of different types of repetition and determines their diverse transformations in translation. It is established that repetition participates in creation of the rhythmic-rhyme features of a verse, in promotion of the main senses on the foreground and in the organization of reader’s perception.
Concept of «the intelligent person» in the «elite» discourse The article deals with the comparative study of an elite discourse personality and a personality of “an intelligent”. An attempt is undertaken to describe semantic differentiation between such lexemes as intelligentsia, intellectual and intelligence, alongside with verbal characteristics of the concept of intellectual personality within the elite discourse. The evidence is from I.Kostolevsky’s portrayal. It turns out that in restricted sense the concept of “intelligent person” unlike “intelligentsia” càn be viewed as synonyms.
Assessment as basic element of strategy of praise and discredit in political newspaper communication The paper gives a characteristic of strategies of praise and discredit used most frequently in political newspaper communication. Also an assessment component of these strategies is described. The author shows interchangeability of these strategies and their semantic uniformity, as well as the language means of the assessment component of each of the described strategies. It is inferred that the principle of social assessment of language of political journalism is displayed not only in the preference, a primary choice of language means of assessment coloring, but also in that the intrastyle development of publicistic language leads to acquisition of social-assessment qualities by many language units.
Sound correlations of consonants and vowels in Hattian and Abkhaz-Adyghe languages The genetic relationship of Hattian and Abkhaz-Adyghe languages is proved at phonetic and lexical levels. The author reveals sound compliances of consonants and vowels in the languages under study and their dialects by sonority – dullness, softness – hardness and force – weakness (aspirate - unaspirated). An alternation of vowels and falling away of final vowels depending on a phrase accent are described.
The lexico-semantic organization of a concept «HAPPINESS» in the Russian and English languages This paper describes the lexico-semantic field of concept «happiness» in the Russian and English languages. Its high relevance is shown. Semes, common for both languages, are identified: «a positive symptomatic character», «destiny», «success» and «a condition of satisfaction by life». Correlative couples are established in synonymic lines of core lexemes. A conclusion is drawn that the meaning of a concept «happiness» in the Russian and English languages partially coincides.
The real and virtual world in the language of consumer advertising This paper describes the features of a virtual picture of the world of the consumption, causing a positive emotional response from the addressee. It is noted that in the center of the advertisement image, taking a central place in this irrational world, there are qualities and properties associated with advertised goods. The advertising lexicon directed to transformation of reality, taking into account requirements of target audience, plays a large role in formation of a virtual image of goods or service. The conclusion is drawn that the verbal means creating suggestive effect of influence, promote successful realization of magic function of consumer advertising language.
Circassian educator Kemal Muhammad Khuazhev The paper sheads light on the unique author’s edition “Circassian Alphabet” of Khuazhev Kemal which was published in 1910 in Cairo in the Arabic language and has reached us in the single copy. The author not simply translated this archival material into the Adyghe language for the first time, but also carefully studied and analyzed its contents, having paid special attention to structure and graphic features of the Khuazhev’s alphabet.
Advertising on the Internet: cognitive and pragmatical aspect The paper examines a cognitive and pragmatical aspect of Internet advertising which has a multicode character. The author describes an implementation of pragmatical installation of advertising in the Network, which is based on the appeal to a world picture of the addressee. The use of an anthropomorphous metaphor makes active emotional perception in the conditions of the computer mediated communication. The conclusion is drawn that advertising in the Network, carrying out its tasks, seeks to correspond to the main principles of Internet communication.
Anglicisms in the Russian and Czech languages: penetration spheres and ways of adaptation An analysis is made of the reasons of mass borrowing of Anglicisms and Americanisms. The paper shows the increase in quantity of the borrowed lexicon from English in the Russian and Czech languages. The author defines and describes the main groups of borrowings from English. As is established in the course of the analysis of examples, influence of English system not only on lexicon and word formation, but also on grammar of the Russian and Czech languages is inevitable. Ways of partial and full adaptation of Anglicisms have a multi-aspect classification.
Gender emotive distinctions in the Kabardino-Circassian language This paper examines gender differences in the Kabardino-Circassian language on the basis of emotive power of words. Lexical and phraseological units which embody different emotions are taken as an illustration. Emphasis is made on emotive expression through interjections and onomatopoeic words (onomatops). It is established that the speech of women is characterized by the most frequent use of the lexical and phraseological units expressing emotions, as well as interjections and onomatops that are used only in the female speech.
Prohibition through motivation to the action, incompatible with this action, in the Dargwa language The paper examines the implicit ways of implementation of the speech act of a ban in the Dargwa language, in particular prohibition through motivation to action which is incompatible with this action. It is inferred that the speech act of a ban in the Dargwa language can be expressed implicitly: through motivation to action which is incompatible with this action, as well as with constuctions having a positive or negative assessment of the action.
Language situation and language policy in modern multicultural society The paper describes the language situation and language policy which are of great significance in multicultural society since they provide not only favorable language and political climate, but also create conditions for effective cross-cultural and interpersonal communication. In the developed language situation, relevance of communicative and political aspects of language policy considerably increases. The conclusion is drawn that during globalization the constructive language policy is to be considered as the policy of the cultural and language tolerance promoting a unity of the people and preservation of their languages and cultures.
Universal subject code as a representation of intrinsic life of personality of the text character The paper gives a characteristic of a universal subject code by means of which information is transferred from the author of the text to the reader’s audience. Real and fantasy portraits of character personality of the fiction text are allocated and described. The difference is shown between the fiction and a conjecture in art communication. It is inferred that in a substantial context portrait images possess two obvious charcteristics: peculiar and organic types of hero and unity of the wole literary work.
Study of ArtsAbakumova E.V.Felt art in Adyghea: traditions and modernity The paper reveals the traditional methods of artistic wool processing in the Adyghea Republic, revival and adaptation of this art form to modernity. The author identifies and outlines the key stages in the production of felt cloth with scenic qualities from material preparation and preliminary processing to work of art reflecting the ethnic characteristics of the region. It is noted that revival of traditions of decorative and applied art of Adyghea promotes international understanding of culture of the different people living in the territory of the Adyghea Republic.
On formation of models of spiritual concerts in the Russian culture of the 19th century and early 20th century The paper deals with the organization of spiritual concerts in pre-revolutionary and modern Russia. The author points out that there are negative tendencies in their carrying out now. It is noted that the problem related to the organization of spiritual concerts can be solved, having used the experience which has been saved up at a boundary of the 19th and 20th centuries when the phenomenon under study was demanded in society and was in a culmination point of the development. It is established that in pre-revolutionary Russia there were certain models of spiritual concerts, and the typological principles were in the basis for their systematization.
¸F. Lehar’s operettas in a context of national musical and theatrical art An analysis is made of aspects of interpretation and scenic esthetics of the classic of the Neovienna operetta Franz Lehar on a domestic scene. The dominant position of Lehar’s compositions in domestic repertoire throughout the twentieth century is noted. Forms of the state influence on the status and contents of operettas come to light. Lehar’s production style of the second half of the 20th century is characterized within collective Neovienna style. Reliance on a melodramatic basis, a prevalence of an external showiness, the average conflictness and exact delimitation of characters by role features are characteristic of it.
Art metal of the Maikop culture from Oshad barrow The paper addresses problematic aspects of an origin of the Maikop archaeological culture. Stylistic features of images of art metal from Oshad barrow are shown. The comparative analysis of techniques and the graphic means applied in production of unique works from gold, silver and arsenic-nickel bronze which do not have analogs in cultures of the Middle East and Forward Asia, points to an autonomous origin of the Maikop culture.
Personal space in music: concept “I-You” in romances - “greetings” An analysis of romances -»greetings» in music of the 17th-19th centuries is used to show two models of personal space: the typical and mixed. The typical model is formed under the influence of semantic determinant of movement from the objective to the subjective content, due to the change of description positions: the hero-the «narrator» – the interlocutor-the hero. The author describes compositional methods of marking personal space of interlocutor and intonation techniques of his personification. In a mixed model of romances - «greetings», typical features of the model are altered under the influence of semantic synthesis coming from models of romances -»dedications» and romances -»recognitions».
Circum Pontiac Lezginka Lezginka dance is regarded as a kind of artistic activities of the various peoples living in the Circum Pontiac area. It has been found that several dozen dances with the common and specific characteristics function under the name of Lezginka. On the basis of the music and lyrics of plastic, as well as taking into account the conditions of dance existence, the author provides classification of the Lezginka and the characteristic of the Lezginka individual dances. Lezginka is proved to have universal musical texts that are widespread and are popular far beyond the Circum Pontiac region.
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