#1 / 2015

The paper deals with the borrowings from the Arabic language. It is established that arabisms make a considerable layer of lexicon the borrowing of which happens mainly for the extralinguistic reasons. The Arabic borrowings belong to various theme groups, but prevail in the religious sphere. The author shows the reasons for the occurrence of Arabic borrowings and their relevance in Russian: the frequency of use (especially in the media language), semantic transformation, changing the meanings of the words in connection with the ideological reorientation, the emergence of series of sustainable combinations and derivational activity of the words of the Arabic origin.

17-22.pdf

(336 Kb)

the aim of the paper is to reveal the author’s characteristics of the characters’ speech which realize the implicit information on the speaking subject, his interrelations with the interlocutor and experienced feelings. The task is to define how information on the speaking subject implicitly demonstrates his point of view in the dialogic situation and predetermines his reaction on this situation. The author creates the narrative dynamics and the emotional tension of the characters’ dialogic communication constructed in this narrative. The typology of modeling is offered to detail the semantic characteristics of emotional tones of the characters’ voices. This kind of typology suggests that there are both the articulating and non-articulating characters’ reactions reflecting their psychological state in the current dialogic situation.

23-26.pdf

(271 Kb)

This paper is devoted to semantic and conceptual categorization of risk management terminology. Component analysis technique along with the use of semantic and logical criterion made it possible to subdivide the terminology of subject domain of «anticrisis management» into conceptual and topical units. It is inferred that in addition to the categories of subjects, processes, characteristics and quantities there is a specific conceptual unit of “crisis”, which is typical of risk management terminology.

27-31.pdf

(292 Kb)

An analysis is undertaken to define the efficiency of interethnic communication, which is generally predetermined by the systematization degree of linguocultural basis of research of corresponding languages. Phraseological units of the Kabardian and Circassian languages were used to examine functioning of such linguocultural phenomena as symbols and quasisymbols. It is inferred that the knowledge of the person cannot be equated with the knowledge of the final objects of reality having clear boundaries.

32-35.pdf

(285 Kb)

The present paper deals with the structure of an academic discourse in the educational process. Various approaches to studying the academic discourse, proposed by the scholars of our country and foreign linguists are investigated. Subtypes of the academic discourse and ways of their application during the lesson and their connection with the other discourses are analyzed in detail. Different types of verbal interaction between a teacher and student (schoolteacher and pupil) are referred to different subtypes of the academic discourse. At the end an attempt is made to create the scheme of application of these subtypes at the lesson.

36-40.pdf

(477 Kb)

Taxonomy of socially actualized spheres of communication of social linguistics is examined through the comparison of two terminological minima (language and ethnicity, language and politics). The author shows how the systems of links are identified among sociolinguistic terms which contribute to a new understanding of the terms of valence and terminological field. The theoretical rethinking of the terminological system of sociolinguistics promotes a clearer identification of its thematic areas and the analysis of their internal and external interlinks.

41-45.pdf

(292 Kb)

The paper describes the tendencies which served as the main preconditions of development of the communicative direction in domestic stylistics. Its theory is intensely developed with the use of material of mass media. Emergence of the new science, which received the name of media stylistics, is noted to be caused in many respects by discourse orientation of stylistics, as well as by application of an intentional method, the cornerstone of which is intention of the sender. The conclusion is drawn that the intentional method by means of which communicative - pragmatical and linguostylistic features of media texts are intensely studied now, considerably expands possibilities of modern stylistics.

46-50.pdf

(292 Kb)

The paper examines the toponymic units of the Sirkhinsky dialect, one of the unique dialects of the Dargwa language. This dialect is presented in a number of the mountain settlements of Akushinsky and Dakhadayevsky regions of the Republic of Daghestan. It is one of the large dialect groups, both across the territory of the distribution and by quantity of the population speaking it. On the basis of the analysis of scientific works on the Daghestan onomastics, in particular on toponymy of the Dargwa language, and on history and culture of the people of Daghestan the short history of scientific studying the toponyms of the Sirkhinsky dialect is provided. It is inferred that the history of research of its toponymy is fragmentary.

51-55.pdf

(276 Kb)

This paper examines discourse descriptions of emotional states in the French language. Emotions are distributed in three main groups: eupathy (positive), desphoréo (negative), and aporia (perplexity). In each group there are somatic, kinetic, metaphoric and resonance descriptions. The research demonstrates that such classification of emotional states is efficient for systematizing presentation of emotional states at the level of discourse descriptions.

56-60.pdf

(313 Kb)

The functions of the computer jargon are considered. Various types of abbreviation which are used in the German jargon of computer players are defined. The most productive types of reductions are marked out. The detailed analysis of the abbreviations of the jargon of players of online games is carried out. The research allows us to draw a conclusion of the tendency of intensive penetration of abbreviations into the German jargon of computer players.

61-65.pdf

(310 Kb)

The paper examines the lexical units of the Adyghe language with a numerical indicator possessing sacral and symbolical meanings, bearing ethnocultural semantics. Numbers contain rich cultural semantics and have sacral symbolics which is characteristic of only certain numbers of the language. The most productive in symbolization are numerals of the first ten. The lexical units of the Adyghe language with a numerical indicator in the Nart epos served as the research material. The number «seven» takes a special place among numbers in frequency of the use and width of coverage of spheres of the use since it bears powerful sacral semantics.

66-70.pdf

(314 Kb)

This paper discusses the numerological phraseological units in the Turkic languages. The author analyses here the phrase-making activity of numbers 1, 2, 4, 7, 40. It is revealed that particular numbers when used in set phrases lose the meaning of quantity, calculation, order and acquire a symbolical sense expressing national peculiarities of a nation’s worldview.

71-77.pdf

(336 Kb)

The paper defines the place of the concept of «invective» in system of estimated lexicon, as well as provides the lines delimiting it from other close concepts. A comparative analysis is made to characterize the nature and typology of invective lexicon in the languages with different systems. The reasons of emergence and change of nature of manifestation of an invective in society are defined. Features of invective lexicon functioning in the Russian, German and Adyghe languages are identified. Character and the influence of the Internet speech on formation of new forms of invectives are revealed. The structure of the means of strengthening the invective force of the speech which are applied in the Russian Internet is defined.

78-85.pdf

(317 Kb)

This paper submits reviewing of the changes in language consciousness of representatives of Russian ethnic and lingual culture under the influence of a heterogeneous language environment, namely: identification of reactions, which fixate changes in knowledge and perceptions of Russian cultural tradition representatives; and analysis of the similarities and differences in the structure of associative areas of linguistic markers of national and cultural consciousness of linguoecological type. It has been found that the language consciousness, being culturally conditioned phenomenon, reflects the specificity of the national and cultural space in which its representatives exist.

86-93.pdf

(319 Kb)

The paper sheds light on the concepts of «discourse» and «discussion» and gives a review of the existing definitions and interpretations of the concept and phenomenon of «discourse» taking into account various methodological approaches. The discourse is noted to act as a result of the person’s knowledge of the language picture of the world, a unique fragment of the human experience imprinted in texts and words. The relevant characteristics of a discourse taken from works of national and foreign linguists are provided. It is established that the variety of interpretations of a discourse reflects the existing difficulties in identification of its uniform unique parameters.

94-99.pdf

(303 Kb)

The paper describes the self-presentation of the public language personality, wide popularity of which in many respects predetermines existence in the Network of the official site reflecting the personified nature of Internet communication. Pragmatical value of the web site is created not only by verbal, but also nonverbal components. The conclusion is drawn that realization of presentation function in biographic texts of the personal site provides not only representation of the public personality, but also impact on target audience.

100-104.pdf

(277 Kb)

The free indirect style segments connected into a single linear sequence with the conjunction what /chto realize in the text both the new and old information. The paper reveals the following information types reflecting the theme-rhematic cohesion of the utterance: theme-rheme, theme-theme, rheme-rheme. In case of free indirect style inversion the conjunction what / chto introduces the new information, the utterance segment, which is before the copular verb – the known information. The theme-rhematic concordance of the utterance the segments of which are connected with the pronominal conjunction what / chto turns out to be important for the readers’ adequate interpretation of the whole text

105-110.pdf

(302 Kb)

This paper is devoted to the study of the emotional concept “hate”. We made an attempt to show the national-cultural specificity of the language consciousness. The lexicographical analysis of the concept “hate” in the Russian, English and Kabardian languages shows both the universality of its representation in the corresponding language pictures of the world, and the specific character which is predetermined by the peculiarities of the ethnic language consciousness.

111-117.pdf

(312 Kb)

The paper explores the specificity of complex character of the act of acceptance and implementation of the decision (APIR). The object of study is represented by complex decisions in APIR and the verbal means (explicit / implicit) of their realization are the subject of study. Relationship of complex character of APIR with concept of the sphere of human life is analyzed. The conclusion is drawn on the linguistic potential of the object of research from the point of view of syncretism of syntax, semantics and pragmatics.

118-124.pdf

(329 Kb)

A literary text, from the point of view of the cognitive linguistics, is analyzed as a way of fixation and translation of the author’s individual consciousness, so the problem of identifying the author’s personal sense is directly related to the problem of understanding a literary text. The modern text linguistics is a complex researching field which deals with different approaches of identifying and interpreting the relevant features of a literary text as special mental-verbal constructs. In this paper we make an attempt to identify the processes and mechanism of the individual author’s cognition during the creation of literary-artistic work.

125-129.pdf

(275 Kb)

The paper gives a characteristic of a personal and voice-frequency code by means of which information about an external image of the hero of work is transferred from the author of the text to reader’s audience. Parameters of appearance of the character of the fiction text are allocated and described. The difference is shown between the portrait text and a portrait text continuum in art communication. It is established that the presented parameters of appearance of the personality (the description of the person, the description of a constitution and the description of an attire) in the set form the portrait image of this or that character in text space of a work of art. Each of the allocated parameters finds its own place in yhe information material of the literary work, which is strictly determined by the author of work, entering «game» in a certain sequence, which creates in total the effect of impact on the recipient conceived by the author.

130-135.pdf

(320 Kb)

The phytonymic lexicon is examined as a product of the ordinary cognitive nomination in the languages with different systems, the motivational and nominative signs of which in the English and Adyghe languages are various. The choice of the name and the way of its description are shown to be entirely determined by historical, geographical, cultural and other factors. A comparison of motivational signs in the English and Adyghe languages confirms a representativeness of the signs marking a natural/geographical place of growth of plants in both languages. It is inferred that though phytonyms differ in structural organization in these languages, they have much in common and are close enough.

136-141.pdf

(325 Kb)

Literary Criticism

The paper deals with the questions of studying the literary phenomena in interrelation between separate literatures. Both the general problems and separate questions devoted to the concrete facts of interaction of the Russian literature with foreign literatures are examined. The concept «literary communication» is thought to be the aХrt and ideological continuity. It is inferred that in order to understand the world nature of literary processes, first of all, relationships between national literatures and creative individualities within them have to be studied.

142-145.pdf

(285 Kb)

The paper deals with the updating the methodology of national literary criticism which is connected with cardinal changes in space of literary communication. The author attracts foreign concepts, in particular, a post-Freudian model for the adequate analysis of the schizoanalytic texts. The attention is focused on the separate basic attitudes of post-Freudianism formulated by Zh. Lakan, G. Deleuze and F. Guattari, R. Bart, J. Kristeva, etc., adapted for the sphere of art creativity (V. Pelevin, V. Sorokin and V. Erofeyev). Orientation to complete knowledge of the personality and its place in the world is shown to be the center of post-Freudian theories.

146-152.pdf

(307 Kb)

The paper examines the character building concept establishment as a category starting from the Renaissance till now. The dynamics of character development as character building structural element is traced in native and foreign literary studies. Examples of character definitions made by famous literature theorists are given. The structural components of character building concept and their determinants are discovered.

153-157.pdf

(292 Kb)

An analysis is made of graphic shape of D. Rubina’s story texts. Graphic transmission means of author’s intension are represented and described. Existence of traditional graphic elements and graphic nonce words is shown. It is inferred that from the point of view of the carried-out analysis, the graphic image of the fiction text is an important component of the idiostyle of D. Rubina.

158-161.pdf

(288 Kb)

The paper examines the leading tendencies in art research on formation of the personality in the context of a war subject, basing on material of Kh. Ashinov’s stories. Features of author’s psychologism and lyrical judgment of reality are analyzed. Importance of interaction of a subject of war and the personality formation in Kh.Ashinov’s prose is noted. It is inferred that the main feature of his creativity is depicting the world through perception of the teenager, young man and the old man. Those are children’s memoirs in an invariable cover of thoughts, the analysis and attempts to explain events of that time and impressions without direct morals, without the «correct» «teacher’s» judgments and conclusions.

162-166.pdf

(298 Kb)

The paper discusses the evolution of the genre of poems in the Adyghe literature of the 1960s – 1990s. The authors disclose the typological features of the genre forms of the poem focused on modern, military and historical subjects and related to the folklore. The work examines such common features as strengthening the art problematical character, a lyrics making, the movement to the concentrated lyric and epic forms and use of a drama element. It is established that the poem, using the synthesized genre opportunities, has developed such art means which considerably enriched national literature.

167-170.pdf

(289 Kb)

The development of the poem and evolution of its genre opportunities are analyzed. The philosophization and entry of lyrics into the poem enriched artistic and depicting opportunities of the lyrical poem and changed its internal substantial and compositional structure. It is inferred that the poetic image and poetic thought are comprised in a metaphor which becomes the carrier not only of an image and thought, but also of a plot, character of the lyrical hero and the catalyst of the composite narrative movement in poems.

171-175.pdf

(296 Kb)

The paper discusses the evolution of the artistic concept of A. Evtykh’s personality in the 1960-1990s and the influence of ideological and esthetic preferences of enlightenment on his works. Artistic features of the novel «Drink of Spring Water» and dilogy «Barge» and «Bull Blood» are revealed. Such lines of works of the writer as strengthening the artistic problematical character due to influence of philosophical thought and esthetic searches of a literary era of the 20th century are established. The conclusion is drawn that the writer’s position in the latest time is defined by audit of naive historicism and by tragic feeling caused by judgment of the drama events of the 20th century and by the influence of the world literature experience. This has an impact on the solution of basic problems, such as history and personality, personality and moral choice.

176-181.pdf

(302 Kb)

The image of Martin Iden, the main character of the novel of American writer Jack London, is analyzed from positions of gender researches. The philosophical basics of works and world outlook of the writer are examined, in particular influence of ideas about «superperson» by F. Nietzsche and the naturalistic concept of G. Spencer. In the context of gender approach, a number of stereotypes in outlook of the main characters as carriers of a certain patrimonial consciousness – male and female are identified. The conclusion is drawn that the motive of the reduced display of ordinary women is implemented in the novel, as well as aspiration of men of «the highest order» to the divine, inaccessible and unearthly.

182-186.pdf

(295 Kb)

The paper deals with genre short story in the Adyghe literature of the 1920-1970s, its formation and development and a role of short stories of T. Kerashev in the national prose. The emphasis is placed on the textual analysis of works in original language. The folklore and literary basis of the Adyghe short story (I. Tsey, A. Khatkov, Yu. Tlyusten, D. Kostanov, P. Koshubayev, Yu. Chuyako, S. Panesh) is investigated. An analysis is made of historical short stories of A. Evtykh («The Sacred River») and T. Kerashev and their influence on development of the historical story and novel in the Adyghe literature. Small prose of Kh. Ashinov of the 1960-1970s is noted to be a new step in development of the Adyghe short stories which gave the new directions: lyric-epic (I. Mashbash), lyric-romantic (Yu. Chuyako) and lyric-philosophical (N. Kuyek).

187-192.pdf

(301 Kb)

The paper discusses some features of the lyrical story of K. Shazzo «Warm Snow» and the philosophical story of N. Kuyek «The Black Mountain». The emphasis is placed on the textual analysis of works in the original language. The subject, problems, plot and composite structure of stories, genre originality, features of lyricism of the first story and «magic realism» of the second are considered. The philosophical aspect of perception of the world by the lyrical hero is noted and language features of works are marked out.

193-200.pdf

(315 Kb)

This paper explores peculiarity of ways of representation of the national and foreign in «a mountain dilogy» by A.Cherchesov. Individuality of usage of ethnic determinants is shown. The proper names of Ossetian etymology are noted to be the most widely distributed ethnically marked elements. It is proved that the author realizes complexity and multidimensionality of national being mainly through heroes’ acts, thoughts and mental searches. It is inferred that the national phenomena in Cherchesov’s prose implement mainly artistic and esthetic functions: emotional-expressive and plot-forming.

201-205.pdf

(292 Kb)

Folkloristik

The paper deals with Blago (dragon), one of the mythical beings of the heroic epos of Adyghes «Nartkher». The hybrid image of a dragon is shown to be represented by a couple of opposite mythological symbols which are known in the myth about a duel of mythological snakes and birds. Often Blago, the formidable opponent of Narts, acts as the patron of water elements and possesses the corresponding mythical attributes. It is established that ideas about epic Blago are of essential value in studying the mythological image of a dragon in the Adyghe folklore.

206-211.pdf

(288 Kb)

This work deals with oral messages in the context of communicative culture of Adyghes. The structure and artistic specifics of genres, objectivizing the reported message are analyzed. The most prestigious forms of oral messages are distinguished. The author comes to a conclusion that all forms of oral messages are united by the common structure, i.e. they have a communicative situation, the message transmitter as the mediating factor and information orientation.

212-216.pdf

(295 Kb)

Journalism

The paper studies the phenomenon of speech aggression having political, social and economic roots, which has become actual object of contemporary linguistic researches in recent years. The author shows the reasons of emergence of speech aggression, its nature, as well as possible ways of development of the conflicts generated by this special form of speech behavior.

217-222.pdf

(281 Kb)

An analysis is made of the character, role and value of the uncensored magazine «Forward!», published by P.L. Lavrov in emigration. The research focuses on identification of influence of lack of possibility of legal promotion in Russia on formation of this magazine as type of the edition since it defined editorial strategy in work with reader’s audience. Separate publications of the edition are regarded from the point of view of the information and emotional thought dictated by features of the Program «Forward!». The conclusion is drawn that typological features of the uncensored magazine defined sense and the content of its materials.

223-228.pdf

(284 Kb)

Study of Arts

On the basis of the analysis of one of the last choral cycles of A.G. Flyarkovsky «Mood», this work explores how the poetry of F.I. Tyutchev influences the figurative sphere of musical compositions of the composer and a choice of means of musical expressiveness related to musical interpretation of a literary basis of choruses. As a result of research, conclusions are drawn that the composer expresses various shades of moods in a cycle, associating them with the natural phenomena and elements. F.I. Tyutchev’s poetry finds reflection in various musical and choral means which represent natural landscapes and express a state of mind of the observant artist.

229-235.pdf

(312 Kb)

Musical instruments of Central Asian Turkic peoples are considered: in relationship with the natural environment and economic-cultural types (1) and in the context of the similarities and differences (2). There is a common set of musical instruments, which is characterized by diversity and uniqueness. It is obvious that it influences the development of Asian and European musical instruments in general. This material about Turkic musical instruments should be used actively in the learning process.

236-240.pdf

(282 Kb)

Features of contemporary repertoire of church choirs are analyzed. The work shows tendencies in expansion of a national manner of singing in the orthodox liturgical choruses and ensembles which are displayed both in public and church choir singing. Also the authors identify ways of inclusion of voice and chorus parts in a national or «an open sound» manner into choral scores with initial liturgical texts of contemporary orthodox composers. Methods of composer work with the liturgical word illustrate susceptibility by the orthodox singing culture of the national singing. Its ability to accumulation in order to achieve the required result of necessary artistic means for the purpose of their inclusion in a context of the traditional is stated.

241-247.pdf

(350 Kb)

This work discusses national experience in formation and development of musical enlightenment related to the processes in the field of composer and performance creativity. The tasks connected with familiarizing of the population with the best examples of musical culture are defined. The history shows that forms of musical enlightenment as part of complete cultural process in its variety evolve and experience of the past can be demanded today. At the present stage of development of the Russian society musical enlightenment acts as the most important component of musical culture influencing the development of history of art.

248-254.pdf

(292 Kb)