#2 / 2016

205-206.pdf

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Linguistics

The paper explores availability of bilinguemes of Vainakh language space in texts of the language personality which creates effect of intercultural communication. The art bilingualism in Vainakh society represents processes of cultural globalization on the basis of general, national and individual experiences of authors-bilinguals. This publication proposes the innovative approach to studying intercommunicative function of bilinguemes, developing the existing points of view on language contacts in bilingualism. The syncretity of language consciousness of the bilingual language personality from a position of interaction of languages and lingual cultures gives an idea of influence of the previous experience of the writer when he writes works in the different national language. Linguistic methods of the analysis find application in lingual culturological aspect of research of a bilingualism of Vainakh language space. Consideration of literary texts of the bilingual personality represents variety of bilinguemes, promoting language and cultural interaction in the conditions of the Vainakh-Russian art bilingualism. The analysis of bilinguemes in literary texts of Vainakh writers promotes dialogue of cultures in modern Russian society.

18-21.pdf

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The paper deals with the lexical picture of epic work of Adyghes of the 19th century «A Song of Auls». The purpose of this paper is the analysis of different types of onyms and composites to describe the language of the song. The scientific importance is represented by comonyms, potamonyms, helonyms, drymonyms, zoonyms, phytonyms and composites revealed within this scientific research based on studying numerous domestic and foreign sources and the reviewed journals on this problem. The analysis and the translation of the revealed units facilitate perception of text material of the song. It is established that metaphoricalness is the main feature of language of the song. Allegoricalness of a statement discloses a set of meanings and different comprehensions that supports multisemantic feature of language of the song. Methods of genre stylistic, textual and descriptive research of work are used. Theoretical and practical value is seen in a possibility of use of results of research in drawing up dictionaries of the onomastic terms of the Adyghe language, as well as in special courses on historical heroic epos of Adyghes.

22-26.pdf

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The paper deals with the structure and semantics of the Adyghe anthroponyms in the Shovgenovsky region of the Republic of Adyghea designating surnames, personal names and nicknames. The methods of the linguistic analysis, namely: observation, description, identification and differentiation are used to analyze the Adyghe anthroponyms to detect specific features of their word formation, semantics and etymology. The variety of underived and derivative words – anthroponyms is described. Need to study them is related to the fact that in the Adyghe linguistics the Adyghe anthroponyms of the specific region are insufficiently studied therefore an attempt is made to contribute to further development of the matter. It is inferred that time, a way of life of Adyghes and interference of cultures of the neighbor people left a mark on modern anthroponyms of the Adyghe language. Anthroponyms in the Adyghe language represent a rich layer of lexicon with diverse semantics and various methods of word formation of derivative lexemes. Results of research can be used in drawing up the dictionary of anthroponyms, as well as in studying history of the Adyghe language.

27-32.pdf

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The paper investigates views of Adyghe scientists on the place of word formation and its problems as the section of the Adyghe linguistics. Special literature on theoretical problems of word formation of the Adyghe language is analyzed and on its basis expression of a lexical meaning by means of word formation is considered, as well as the place of word formation in structure of the Adyghe language is defined. Works of the Adyghe linguists on this problem are used as an example to analyze and generalize problematic issues of the relation of word formation to morphology and lexicology. By means of comparison it is inferred that still there is no consensus in the Adyghe linguistics about the place of word formation in grammatical system of the Adyghe language. Materials and conclusions of research can be used in drawing up manuals on the Adyghe language. Also they make a certain contribution to development of the Adyghe linguistics.

33-38.pdf

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The aim of this article is to analyze the definition of «cohesion» and «coherence» in modern linguistics and describe their role in the text analysis, as well as correlate these terms with the notion of connectedness. The paper analyzes approaches to determining these terms used in text linguistics and in discourse analysis. We point out that the interpretation of these terms in various linguistic theories differs. However, having examined the research in the field of text coherence, we conclude that cohesion and coherence are the main categories of textual connectedness; coherence affects the choice of various cohesion means that provide the linearity of the transmitted information. On the one hand, the methodology of the article is expressed in basis of the offered views relying on the extensive framework provided by the works of both Russian (Halperin 2004; Makarov 1998; Milevskaya 2003 etc.) and foreign linguists (Cutting 2002). On the other hand, the article reinterpreted a number of aspects of linguistics, expanding them and establishing new links. The novelty of the present study is that the notion of the connectedness as an essential communicative category comes up with a complex background. The analysis has identified and systematized relationship categories of connectedness and ways of expressing them relating to lexical means; linear communication means of discourse components have been systematized. The findings of the integrated and comprehensive study of connectedness of discourse and text can be used in theoretical grammar, pragmalinguistics, text linguistics, functional linguistics and theory of intercultural communication.

39-43.pdf

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While studying the phraseological system of two or more languages in terms of cultural linguistics one can found cross-cultural similarities and differences between either sister languages or remotely related ones (e.g. Russian and Estonian). It makes possible to show the European lifestyle and historical, cultural and economic relations between Russia and Estonia reflected in their languages and in a more narrow view of their phraseology. The article’s actuality consists mostly in the fact that universal human values and national specifics of the phraseological system of Estonian language (which is very poorly studied in Russian linguistics’ linguocultural researches) are the subject of the analysis. Completed lexical analysis of the full and partial phraseological equivalents that were found by the gapless selection method in translations of J. Gašek’s novel The Good Soldier Švejk and His Fortunes in the World War into Russian and Estonian languages allowed us to show that there are some universal human features in phraseological systems of compared languages because of the similar lexicon that is often used by both peoples based upon historical, religious and cultural reasons. Such analysis of the writing will be a good endowment into comparative-typological linguistics.

44-48.pdf

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The paper gives comparative analysis of the concept успех/success in the context of its historical development. The author describes the etymology of both notions and draws the conclusion about the differences between Russian and American understanding of this concept. The components of the concept are shown in their semantic evolution. The examples were taken from the dictionary of proverbs, sayings and aphorisms and etymological dictionaries. The author uses methods of comparison, continuous sampling, classification and taxonomy of linguistic material, as well as definitional and component analysis. Research of this concept is very promising both for linguistics and for sciences adjacent to it, such as philosophy, sociology and cultural science. The study identifies that this concept is a result of a long cultural and historical evolution that brought out the cultural discord between Russian and American people. The study of the main concept of Russian and American cultures (УСПЕХ/SUCCESS) allows us to analyze the peculiarities of these nations and makes a major contribution to the study of a conceptosphere, lexicology, and theory of cross-cultural communication.

49-53.pdf

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The problem of participe passé agreement in complex tenses in French has been considered in the article involved. All alternatives of either participe passé agreement or its disagreement in complex or analytical tenses have been presented and examined with the passé compose tense as an example. The authors have tabulated every one of the alternatives of participe passé agreement or its disagreement. The problem of possibility to minimize the number of rules for participe passé agreement in verb structures has been considered. As a result of the studies the authors have gotten the conclusion that the problem involved can be solved by sharing a number of modern functional grammar books containing detailed description of subject-object relationship and voice concept extension. When tesniere syntax per se does not explain the cause of participe passé agreement or its disagreement categories between syntax and semantics can help to solve the problem.

54-62.pdf

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The aim of the article is to study the irony in the coordinates of the language game. The research methodology is based on a synthesis of cognitive-semantic and pragmatic approaches that reveals the fundamental nature of intentionality and evaluation in the pragmatic structure of irony. The author points out that the new occasional meanings generated in the semantic space coordinates of a literary text are able to produce a comic effect. Language game marks the genre and the production specifics of individual style that becomes a condition to identify the game nature of irony as their main indicator. The special status of irony in the semantic space of a literary text is due to the imagery of language games and a variety of stylistic techniques by which it is implemented. The irony is a member of the sublimated estimates, being emotion and assessment categories needed to demonstrate spiritual world of language person, first of all, with respect to the ideal. Pragmatic irony structure is oriented in the coordinates of intentionality and evaluation to the implicit representation of the ideal and harmony. The significance of this work lies in using its results in the study of irony, especially in the literary text as a discursive space in modern linguistic paradigm in cognitive pragmatic aspect.

63-68.pdf

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In the center of attention is the transformed expressional newspaper headings created with violation of ethical standards. As a result of research, incorrect examples of language game in texts of modern mass media are revealed and analyzed. Scientific interest in studying newspaper heading doesn’t weaken at all. It is caused by the fact that emergence of examples of language game is a continuous process which demands continuous studying. New publicistic texts need the versatile description that, certainly, characterizes them as scientifically promising object since there is an expansion of semantic structure of the available words, development of new meanings and formation of polysemanticism. Formation of new, expanded or narrowed, units is caused by objective reality and occurs under influence of intralinguistic and extralinguistic factors. The practical importance of this paper consists in formation of an elite information field of the Russian mass media and moral culture of younger generation. We used the supervision method allowing finding the speech facts which have appeared in periodicals, the method of system research including the synchronous analysis of collected material, and the comparison method giving a chance to establish similarity and distinction of objects and phenomena of reality. The conclusion is drawn about the increasing substandard «game» tendency promoting emergence of the communicative failures of the journalist in a pursuit of an unusual form, an expression, and grotesque which finally are negatively influencing the addressee.

69-72.pdf

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This paper describes a system of the factors providing formation of a sports analytical media discourse to explore the process of speech activity of sports journalists and its products – media texts. Methods of discourse–analysis and of the cognitive, intentsional and stylistic analysis were used to define the discourse-forming parameters characterizing the above-named object of research: the category of mass media, the category of the author-analyst, and the intension of conviction which is implemented through interpretation of reality and its assessment, as well as the sports subject corresponding to analytical genres of mass media. The data obtained as a result of research of media discourse space within which the media texts reflecting specifics of professional speech activity of sports journalists-analysts are produced, will promote further studying the discourse-forming and discourse-differentiating parameters of institutional types of a discourse. Results of research can be used in development of the relevant directions of domestic and foreign linguistics at the beginning of the 21st century - media stylistics, media linguistics and discoursology. The obtained data can be of interest to the communicatively focused linguistics in general which has put forward in the center of attention of researchers the problems, devoted to studying speech activity and its products – media texts.

73-77.pdf

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The paper identifies and analyzes the language as a way of forming linguocultural space in the mass media, as well as affecting the entire structure of human thinking, the style of perception of the world, and the type of culture today. The data obtained in the framework of this scientific research based on the study of numerous domestic and foreign authoritative sources and peer-reviewed periodicals devoted to the problems of the language affecting the human being as a direct participant of the mass media contribute to the enrichment and further development of the language itself. The results of this research have theoretical significance, which consists in the elaboration of the system of linguistic phenomena of linguocultural space and the ability to understand the use of language as a way to influence the psycho-emotional perception of information in the mass media. The practical significance of the results of this study lies in the possibility of using the identified language features for creating a single information space by using the mass media information. This information space is formed when the mass media help members of the society to communicate and interact with each other to participate in various kinds of social activity.

78-82.pdf

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The linguistic form and communicative content of the question-answering dialogue has been considered in the article involved. The authors emphasize that the teaching should primarily be based on the students’ ability to deal with the communication situation itself as well as on their task success in solving communication problems arising in learning foreign languages. As it has been emphasized in the article a person does not speak for speaking itself but for solving the out-of-speech problem resulted from the aim of communicating itself. The most important thing in the process is the ability to get the necessary information and, at the same time, to give some information to the interlocutor in return. The criterion of search and data mining in terms of linguistics primarily related to the ability of asking and answering quite various questions plays the most important part in that respect. The classifications of question-answering situations represented in the article involved do not claim to be exhaustive at all. However they can be quite interesting because of allowing us to go beyond the scope of aiming at linguistic form and drilling linguistic structures, it traditionally has been prior in teaching a foreign language. Besides, it allows involving psycholinguistic aspect of speech origination mainly based on communicative intentions. They are that activate the dialogue communication engine. Keywords: question-answering dialogue, linguistic form, communicative content, classifications of question-answering situations.

83-91.pdf

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The present work is performed within the teolinguistic and anthropocosmocentric paradigms and is aimed at exploring the spiritual sphere of the person. The conceptual structure of the moral and religious concept «chastity» acts as the object of research. The purpose of the paper is to study the semantic content of a synonymic row with a dominant «chastity» and its implementation as a part of speech. The method of the field used by the authors has allowed gaining a system impression of lexical units of the corresponding general semantic space. This work develops basic provisions of a teolinguistics, a lingual culturology and the theory of the field in relation to the concept «chastity» both in Russian and in the European languages. The authors consider the studied concept as two-layer structure, allocating a denotative and derivative metaphorical layer, having concentrated the main attention on the first of them. As a result of research of the corresponding synonymic row, reconstruction of nine sectors formed by language units which reflect various aspects of core concept is made. The carried-out analysis confirms multiple associative symbolical communications that opens broad prospects for their further lingual culturologic interpretation. Results of research can be used for drawing up the dictionary of religious and moral terms.

92-98.pdf

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Various approaches to research of a phenomenon of a discourse presented in domestic and foreign linguistic science are analyzed. Research of a discourse in general and a sociocultural discourse in particular is in focus of attention of domestic and foreign linguistic science because the science about language closely interacts with other, allied fields of knowledge – sociology, philosophy, psychology and cultural science. Disciplinary semantics and semantics of interdisciplinarity in the discoursive researches make the general action field. An opinion is stated in detail of concept of a discourse which is the way to see the world fixed in language and to regulate reality implemented in various discoursive and social practices. Modernization is carried out of the interpretative approach to consider the concept «discourse». The theoretical importance lies in deepening the theory of a discourse and in further development of the theory of language. The practical value of the stated material consists in a possibility of its application in higher school lecture courses on the theory of language, linguistics of the text and theory of a discourse.

99-105.pdf

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Research is conducted of features of alternativeness in homogeneous mononational language where modern Korean is presented in the Republic of Korea and Democratic People’s Republic of Korea as two components of the Korean literary language. Reliability of results of research is provided with methods of the comparative analysis of parallel identical texts, the lexicographic analysis of sources, and the contextual analysis of material of original works. Relevance is mainly that the language of the Korean peninsula is of special interest for further development of the theory of national language and studying alternativeness in ethnic language both in respect of synchronism, and in a diachrony. Unlike language situations when several nations use single in structure language as the state and national one, in a case with the Korean literary language the principle «one language - one nation» is realized. It is possible to believe that currently the modern literary language in Korea is implemented and functions in the form of two separate variants – northern and southern. Both variants have the maximum volume of functions and possess the codified norms. The practical and scientific importance is that materials and conclusions of research can be used to draw up the educational and lexicographic manuals devoted to the description of features of relationship between the literary language and its variants. Further development of the theory of national language as shown by modern Korean will become a certain contribution to comparative and typological linguistics, and to a technique of teaching Korean.

106-110.pdf

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At the present stage of society development, intercultural communication is of great importance. This creates a need to study not only national languages, but also their constituent ethnic, regional and social dialects. This article investigates the peculiarities of representation of relationship in the lexical system of African-American social ethnic dialect. The aim of the article is to describe the semantic features of the elements making up the lexical semantic group “Nomination of individuals according to the relationships within a family and with other persons”. The lexemes constituting the mentioned group are united with integral seme «relationship». The practical and scientific significance of the article consists in the fact that the designed approach enables a more detailed study of the lexical semantic level of African-American social ethnic dialects, and the obtained results can be used in intercultural communication courses as well as in teaching English. To analyze the linguistic data the following methods are used: descriptive, field, definitional, and component analysis, as well as quantitative methods. We can conclude that the lexical semantic group “Nomination of individuals according to the relationships within a family and with other persons” is represented by three subclasses: friendship, family relationships, and love relationships. Persons who are on friendly terms are nominated to a greater extent. The results of the research make a contribution to the cultural linguistics, cognitive linguistics, and sociolinguistics.

111-116.pdf

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The paper deals with the features of implementation of communicative strategy to create an image of the enemy in texts of an extremist orientation. Materials of research are the texts submitted for linguistic examination on extremism cases. The authors show the ways and possibilities of creation of an image of the enemy by means of strategis the aim of which is impact on the recipient up to transformation of reader’s model in the desirable direction. The method of a scientific observation with the discoursive analysis and the analysis of speech behavior are used. The scientific and practical importance and relevance of work are defined by considerable number of the texts of an extremist orientation submitted for linguistic examination. The undertaken analysis of features of implementation of the strategy and tactics related to creation of an image of the enemy makes a certain contribution to the theory and practice of linguistic examination and sociolinguistics. As a result it is established that communicative tactics is represented as set of practical ways to implement communicative intention in real process of speech interaction. In particular, the strategy of creation of an image of the enemy is realized by means of implementation of tactics, namely: the negative nomination, active use of metaphors of slavery and a colonialism, and creation of a circle of «strangers» by means of realization in the text of semantic opposition «own» - «stranger». The presented ways of the nomination of the enemy in extremist texts are effective means of generation of racial, national or religious discord.

117-120.pdf

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This study is an attempt to prove the genetic relationship of the Hattian and the Abkhaz-Adyghe languages. The objective of the study is the comparison of Hattian and Abkhaz-Adyghe ways and means of expressing gender and number. Thereby we proceed from the premise that in order to establish the relationship of two or more languages (ancient as well as modern) it is possible to compare not only words but the root lexical morphemes given the pace of renovation of the basic vocabulary, as well as structural and phonological and grammatical differences in related languages, depending on the external and internal factors of the evolution of language. When selecting words for comparison we take into account legitimate sound correspondences of vowels and also consonants in the Abkhaz-Adyghe languages: voiced – voiceless, palatal – hard, etc. Hattian words or parts of words and their Abkhaz-Adyghe conformity are considered related if their graphic writing and the value taken from a Hattian bilingual match. At concurrence of writing and no transfer value a Hattian word or its components were restored through Abkhaz-Adyghe languages. Hattian words are given in Latin, their Abkhaz-Adyghe match – in the Cyrillic alphabet. The materials of the study were bilingual texts contained in the works of E. Forrer, A. Kammenhuber and G.S Shuster. The analysis of ways and means of expressing gender and number in the Hattian language and Abkhaz-Adyghe matches has confirmed the relationship of these languages on the morphological and word-formative level. The results may be used to create the history of the Abkhaz-Adyghe languages.

121-126.pdf

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The paper examines the scientific worldview in the aspect of its relationship with the subject area, describes its most important properties and functions and outlines the conceptual and semiotic features of formation of scientific worldview. The main purpose of the work can be defined as the identification of the relationship between scientific and the economic worldview, and the interaction and mutual penetration of these two concepts. Practical and scientific significance of the work is determined by observation of different theoretical points of view on this phenomena, and by definition of scientific and economic worldview, and through it we can underline the relevance of the chosen topic. Different methods of linguistic analysis are used: observation, description, differentiation, and the contextual method. The author presents the conclusion about peculiarities of usage, perception and definitions of scientific and economic worldview as concepts. The sources of the study were points of view on the subject under discussion of various linguists, philologists and other researchers. In turn, this contributes to a comparative and topological research in general. It is established that the concept of the scientific worldview is defined as a special form of knowledge systematization and knowledge evolution. The study of this aspect can help in consideration of more specific concepts, such as economic picture of the world.

127-131.pdf

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The goal of this work is to explore the genre strategies of a detective discourse realized in B. Akunin’s novels about Erast Fandorin. The methodology of research is based on synthesis of cognitive and lingual culturological approaches that allows revealing case nature of the studied strategies. The author of this work specifies that genre strategies of a detective discourse are characterized by a number of the functions determined by absence / availability of game modification of various components of genre strategies. In the first case their invariance allows creation of associative communications at implementation of literary text interpretation, in the second, the change in their cognitive and semantic structure causes activization of cognitive activity and specifies lingual cultural identification of the recipient. Identification and the description of genre strategies as markers of precedents allow us to claim that the cognitive pragmatical potential of the detective in creativity of B. Akunin undergoes certain quality changes. The reader is concentrated not only on development of a plot of the detective, but also on specifics of realization of the literary «masks» of the author necessary for him in specific texts and in the sphere of the laws of literary process, individual style of the specific writer and style markers of a historical and cultural era created on the basis of professional knowledge of B. Akunin. The importance of this work lies in using its results in studying the literary text in a modern linguistic paradigm in cognitive, pragmatical and linguocultural aspects.

132-137.pdf

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The paper reveals and analyzes the tendencies in interpretation of language and speech phenomena in «person - nature» linguocultural space from the point of view of an anthropocentric paradigm of modern linguistics. The data obtained within the presented scientific research are based on studying the domestic authoritative sources devoted to formation of «person - nature» linguocultural space. They promote determination of laws in the description of the word images of the natural phenomena and images of the inner life of the person in their stereotypic and individual associative relations fixed by specific lingual culture. Conclusions of this scientific research promote systematization of the analysis of the complete world of the studied space characterized by interrelation of the person and the nature as the cultural values demonstrating also the importance for the national literature and language of ethnos. Results of research can be used in studying linguoculturally marked conceptual rows, semantic fields and concepts which are produced as a result of the description of the inner life of the person which is carried out in each national literature in compliance with the developed traditions and individual author’s world vision. In general, the obtained data can be of special interest in the analysis of linguocultural space of the literary texts represented by author bilinguals in Russian since they find mutual «imposing» of a national picture of the world and the Russian language picture of the world.

138-142.pdf

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Literary Criticism

Transformation of a subject component in the ballad genre typical of romantic poetry is analyzed. «The new romanticism» reinterprets a ballad genre, making essential changes in character of a plot of the ballad. If the plot of the traditional romantic ballad is specific, then the neo-romantic ballad often is built on a metaphysical plot for which the nonconventional, «multilayered» chronotope is characteristic. Action of such a ballad proceeds in various spatial-temporal points, and the plot of the ballad text can be connected with interactions of these points and their inhabitants. Character of a plot of the neo-romantic ballad is considered using an example of the poem of the young Maykop poet Evgeny Lyubitsky «Fall of Demetra». In this poem the plot is dynamically developed in different chronotopes at the same time. Complexity of research is connected with changes in methodology of studying romantic texts. The orthodox philology limited romanticism to a specific historical framework. The author develops methodology of the «romanticism without coast» generated by timeless romantic outlook. Basic feature of romantic outlook is the conflict between two concepts – «Me» and «Not Me». In the traditional romantic ballad this conflict was embodied in specific realities, in ballad heroes and their deeds. In the neo-romantic ballad, it is difficult to reveal the romantic conflict between «Me» and “Not Me”, which is manifested in interactions of the characters and processes staying in various spatial-temporal points and representing different modes, including not always identical in «reality-virtuality». Research of these aspects of the conflict in neo-romantic poetry has the practical importance both at direct studying modern poetry, and in the scientific methodical sphere. Author’s practices can be used in drawing up textbooks and manuals.

143-149.pdf

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Lines of new model of enlightenment in the Adyghe literature of post-revolutionary decades are considered. The formation of new type of the hero educator connecting cultural and educational work with revolutionary construction is investigated. The publication reveals the art features of creativity of T. Kerashev, M. Paranuk, I. Tsey, B. Koble, A. Evtykh, etc., who experienced influence of a revolutionary change, on the one hand, and enlightenment esthetics, on the another. The comparative and typological method, used by the author, promotes definition of literary communications and complex consideration of literary process. The description of a new image of the hero educator and detection of lines of enlightenment in art of the word of 1920-1930s helps us to reveal the new tendencies in development of art - esthetic process. It is inferred that a qualitatively new enlightenment type is formed in the Adyghe literature of post-revolutionary decades.

150-153.pdf

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Today the theory of global reconstruction has fluttered out on pages of our literary press. According to this theory, borders of the national allegedly were already erased and more universal and large-scale concepts, completely canceling category of national distinction have to take the place of national identity. This research has the goal to prove that cosmopolitism and universal values are not equal to each other and that any person inevitably stays in captivity of national idea, or otherwise – his feelings. This feeling, the perception of the world united often by concept of mentality is formed by natural existence from the birth in a certain national environment and, as a result, is reflected in art creativity. Two theories of development of the nations are considered by means of a comparative-historical method. Insolvency is emphasized of the cosmopolitan theory of development of national literatures which leads to dismissal from national traditions, from national consciousness and from national roots. Cosmopolitism is spatially wider than the national, but it is deprived of specific, vital contents. This concept is social, public. National heroic idea as idea of art is the concept which is not studied yet, despite the ineradicable presence at literature and art. It is inferred that «the national idea» plays in many respects the predetermining role in art creativity that is important in studying works of writers of the people of the Caucasus and in the analysis of their works.

154-157.pdf

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Subjects, images and plots in I.S. Turgenev and I.A. Bunin’s creativity are considered. Object of research includes works of these writers of different years. The goal of this paper is to reveal traditions and innovation in the Russian literature of the era of Modernity taking an example of I.S. Turgenev and I.A. Bunin’s creativity. The historical typological method is used. Much attention is paid to the principles of realism traced in compositions of the called authors. In it we see relevance of this research helping to comprehend an originality of realistic works of the second half of the 19th century and a turn of the 19th-20th centuries. Such an analysis of works of writers makes a certain contribution to comparative – typological literary criticism. The conclusion is drawn about repeatability and transformation of subjects, images and plots in literature of Modern times, which is supported by material of compositions of I.S. Turgenev and I.A. Bunin.

158-163.pdf

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Questions of critical and literary activity of the famous scientist A.A. Skhalyakho are considered. The task is set to reflect formation of esthetic views, development of methodology and different stages of activity of the scientist. The purpose, thus, is to investigate the creativity of the famous figure of literature and to present his finished creative portrait. Features of formation of research skill of A. Skhalyakho, his movement from a descriptive manner to analytical style and theoretical generalization are revealed. Such major line of creativity is established as aspiration to enter various creative specialists into national literature and to unite it in a single art and esthetic process. On the basis of comparative-historical and comparative-typological methods of research the author comes to a conclusion that creative activity of A.A. Skhalyakho promotes reflection of features of formation and development of national traits of the Adyghe literatures considered in the context of domestic art of the word.

164-170.pdf

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Specific features of a chronotope in «Gothic» work of W. Beckford are considered. The model of space and time, the mechanism of interaction of key «Gothic» toposes and art time, relationship of spatial-temporal levels and an image of the main character are analyzed. Methods of historic-literary, textual, and culturological research of literary works are used. The scientific and practical importance and relevance of work are defined by low-study of a chronotope in the «Gothic» text. Main are conclusions that the chronotope in the «Gothic» fairy tale is that art basis which has defined unity of work and synthesized in itself three of his universals – an image of the person, time and space. The art space is concentrated around the image of the «Gothic» hero and is presented by three vertical levels: «top» is the world of the Sky, divine life, «middle» is the terrestrial world, and «bottom» is the underground (hell) world. «Gothic» topos is connected with art space at the actual, perceptual and conceptual levels.

171-176.pdf

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The paper examines the features of the conflict and the concepts of character in A. Evtykh’s dilogy «Street throughout its length» and «A door is wide open». We show the evolution of the conflict in creativity of various writers of the 1960 – 1970s and analyze problems of identification of the personality and arrangement of characters in the mentioned novels. Also we shed light on the structural and style features of the genre determined by conflict strengthening, by deepening of art problematical character, and by the solution of hot topics: the person and the surrounding society, the hero and national values, the personality and family lifestyle. The lines of a new hallmark caused by ideological and esthetic searches of time are defined: the movement to multifaceted character, to the ambivalent personality, and to composite style of a statement. Conclusions are drawn about image system of the writer which reflects art searches of domestic literature of the 1960 – 1970s.

177-181.pdf

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The paper examines the story «Arc» of T. Kerashev in the context of ideological and esthetic searches of the Adyghe literatures of the 1920 – 1930s. An analysis is undertaken to disclose the art lines of prose and poetry of masters of the word in the era of a revolutionary divide – I. Tsey, I. Ashkan, A. Shogentsukov, Kh. Teunov, T. Borukaev, Kh. Abukov, M. Dyshekov, etc. The publication shows the role and place of T. Kerashev in development of the new art concept of the personality, and describes the genre, structural and style features of the story «Arc». The problems and an originality of a solution of the problem of character in small prose of the Adyghe literatures of the 1920s are defined. Similar in character ideological and esthetic searches of writers of modern times are formulated. The ideological and art specifics of the story «Arc» by T. Kerashev related to the development of the principles of an esthetics of revolutionary realism are designated. Conclusions are drawn about importance of the analyzed work in formation of traditions of art of modern times.

182-186.pdf

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Art features of the North Caucasian modern novel myth are investigated. The goal of work is to reveal impact of a mythic poetics on art structure of the novel myth. The following problems are solved for this: detection of art features of a mythologism of novels myths of N. Dzhusoyta, M. Bulkata, Kh.Beshtokov, Yu.Chuyako, N. Kuyek, and D. Koshubaev; the analysis of an image building and modeling of world of the considered novels; and research of specifics of a mythic poetic chronotope. To study a problem of a neomythologism in the North Caucasian novel, we use the principles of comparative and typological, structural and semiotic approaches. The mythic poetic model of the world with its tripartite structure (the top, middle and lower worlds) is the cornerstone of the modeling of world of the considered novels. Existence in novels myths of the composite art structure, forming the mythic poetic chronotopes, is stated. The theoretical importance of this work lies in determination of genre features of the North Caucasian modern novel myth and specific components of this genre modification. The practical importance is related to a possibility of its application in practice of higher school teaching, in special courses on history of North Caucasian literature, and on a genre of the North Caucasian novel myth.

187-193.pdf

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The paper deals with the features of the attitude of the classic of the Adyghe (Circassian) literature, the founder of national enlightenment Sultan Khan Girey to the nature reflected in his literary texts as the most important part of his world vision and world outlook. We put the goal to analyze the methods that were used by the writer to disclose his system of ideas of the world uniting both the ethnic mental views of the nature and views which have already developed by this period in the Russian and European philosophical, literary and esthetic system. The latter is connected, first of all, with the concept of Education and romanticism, reflecting also the global processes associated with the nature - civilization dichotomy. The concept of the nature is realized through two main complementary approaches - a way of development of these problems: on the one hand – scientific, rational, and on the other – art, emotional, figurative. The attention of the writer to the nature is estimated as the most important factor of formation of both the individual human person and people in general, its way of life and mentality and creative art potential. An analysis is made of the features of semantics of the use of the concept «nature», which is found in his literary texts more than three tens times, as well as the variety of functions of motives and images of the nature in the art world of the writer. Besides, the extra subject elements of the text are estimated as an important source of data on the author’s concept of the nature. The conclusion is drawn about relevance of this work in terms of the analysis of objective balance of the nature and the person as two complementary phenomena and factors for system of outlook of the writer, functioning of the concept «nature» in literary prose in the context of system of value, axiological structure of the art world of his works.

194-199.pdf

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The paper examines the historical component of the modern layer of the Adyghe literature. An attempt is undertaken to make a possible classification of modern historicism in the Adyghe literature. It works well already in initial paragraphs of the paper - several points of the classification made by the author and their interpretation are available. Such an analysis is necessary to prepare the ground to access previously unstudied texts constituting the layer of the Adyghe modern prose. Making an analysis of chronicle category for two last centuries, historic facts are mentioned in relation to development of civilizations (Russian, Adyghe) in the multinational Russian Federation. Examination is made by using historical comparison and description concerning historicism in specific texts: Alexander Nazhzhar living abroad, and Asfar Kuyek and Inal Chatao, living in Russia (Republic of Adyghea), being the Adyghe writers, concern a military component in their works. Such comparison and parallel correlation cover a considerable number of previously hidden facets of these phenomena. Having addressed their texts, the author comes to a conclusion about the activity of this subject today in the Adyghe literature.

200-205.pdf

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Folkloristik

The Adyghe traditional musical instrument shychepschyn is considered as object of the past and present, traditional and modern cultures. The paper shows the post-folklore characteristics of the shychepschyn which include conditions of revival of the instrument (the city, the regional centers, on the basis of educational institutions, clubs, and public associations). Gadgets and widgets, and various technical sound carriers remain the main channels of mastering the instrument. The contact way of training «from hands» passes into the background. Using methods of the involved observation, and having carried out the analysis of the big case of shychepschyns (more than sixty), the author distinguishes four classes of instruments on the basis of their external qualities. Shychepschyns can be decorated with the use of anthropomorphous, zoomorphous, abstract and specific subject (symbolical) motives. Two elements of a chordophone – a head and F-holes – are most adapted and relevant to the embodiment of design imaginations of master manufacturers. In conclusions the author emphasizes the post-folklore essence of the revived shychepschyn, its orientation to ethnic identity and marking. Development of the instrument and performance on it is predicted in the folkloristic and academic directions and estimated as more productive and promising. There is every reason to predict revival of traditional performance on the shychepschyn through channels of professional performance and system of folklore education in institutions of culture and arts. A possibility of using factual material of paper in training courses on the Adyghe artistic culture and an assessment of performance fortune on the shychepschyn in Adyghea make the practical value of research. The cognitive component of the offered material can become the basis for carrying out the comparative analysis of performance on stringed chordophones in an area of the North Caucasus.

206-213.pdf

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Journalism

The goal of this work is to explore features of literal implementation of one of the most important problems of modern society – a problem of interpersonal communication. Here we analyze the modern postmodernist text in terms of the theory of the text. The basic thesis of research about need to use an interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of a problem of communication is based on works of modern domestic and foreign scientists in the field of the theory of the text, linguistics, psycholinguistics, etc. Objectives of this work are formulated according to relevance of a problem of communication and center around identification of text illustrations to show communicative failures of characters of the modern postmodernist text. The methodology of research is based on the theory of a postmodernism, on communicative pragmatic approach to the analysis of the text and on interdisciplinary researches of the laws of communication process. Fragments of the novel «The soulless. The story about the bad person» by S. Minaev, being representative in the context of the studied problem, are used as illustrative text material. As a result, an undoubted relationship between pragmatics of the text and its communicative component is identified. Also it is established that the problem of interpersonal communication becomes one of topical problematic issues of modern fiction.

214-219.pdf

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The aim of this work is to make an analytical research of history of the orthodox and orthodox focused press of the Russian emigration in the USA in the context of specifics of its audience. This research is implemented against a background of the comparative-historical description of a typological picture of printing editions of Russian Orthodox Church in America. Their features related to target attitudes and classroom factor are analyzed. Objectives of work are focused on identification of all typological components of church editions against a background of an overall picture of activity of Russian Orthodox Church of America. Special attention is paid to a classroom factor. Within comparison and by using the general and special scientific techniques, in particular, the comparative typological method, the content analysis, and the sociohistorical approach, the leading tendencies in editorial policy of various editions of the Russian emigration are identified, including the Carpathian-Russian press caused generally by their religious and political orientation. Special territorial and hierarchical principle of creation of printing system of the confessional press caused by a territorial factor and by the place of the publishing organization in church hierarchy is revealed. The conclusion is drawn that the studied editions are in compliance with the main classroom groups of readers which have historically developed in the Russian diaspora.

220-226.pdf

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Typological features of the Vpered! populist newspaper under P.L. Lavrov’s editorship as illegal periodical are analyzed and commented. On the basis of studying its two-year numerous numbers, features of views of publishers on the press functioning, the fundamental principles of formation of departments and original correspondence, and the systematization of basic tendencies in materials from the Western European social and political life, the author shows the role and influence of the newspaper in formation of public opinion in Russia. Results of this scientific research have the theoretical importance for historians of the Russian press and scientists who are interested in a sociohistorical situation in Russia during the second half of the 19th century and in problems of modern mass media. Materials on the newspaper can be useful in various areas for theorists and historians of Russian and foreign literature, and a number of publications in this sphere is of esthetic, artistic and scientific interest. Of practical importance are basic provisions of P.L. Lavrov’s reflections on specifics of his newspaper where he has accurately formulated an essential difference which was between the uncensored emigrant press and the legal press, underlining considerable advantages of the last. This has allowed him to disclose peculiar typical features of the periodic uncensored press. In his opinion it has to consider what is complementary to «legal» and does not serve as its substitute at all. This was how he has explained a limited circle of the questions which are in the center of attention of his newspaper. Thus, some problems have inevitably to be left in the basket of the illegal foreign press. Restriction of subjects is inferred as a typological line of the foreign press.

227-233.pdf

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Study of Arts

The paper deals with the problem related to education regionalization. Revival of culture by means of educational systems takes on the greater significance in formation of the personality of the contemporary person seeking to keep originality, and uniqueness of the culture, which is relevant. The goal of this study is to analyze experience in realizing a national and regional component in musical educational space of the Adyghea Republic. The theoretical and practical importance of this work lies in studying and synthesis of the saved-up experience of institutions of the education and culture in the Republic of Adyghea. These data make it possible to define strategic and tactical tasks which need to be solved within the specified problem. The short review of works of composers from Adyghea and Kuban gives an idea of importance of their music in cultural and educational activity of the region. Education on the basis of regional musical material promotes spiritual moral development of pupils, as well as the development of their musical culture and love to the native land through studying cultural traditions and expansion of a musical outlook and performing culture. The address to this subject opens prospects for further studying and adaptation in musical educational space of the instrumental music created on a folklore basis.

234-239.pdf

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In this paper, the most famous opus “Pierrot Lunaire” of A. Schoenberg is defined as being based on traditions of the past and appealing to the historical thinking of recipient. The following groups of texts are used to support this idea: those by P.I. Tchaikovsky, of German romantic literature and music, as well as the texts, which possess the same stylistic features found in the later works of composer. The main purpose of establishing these intertextual relations is to seek out and identify hidden sources of the work’s idea, deep layers of figurative content, and the author’s intention, which intertwines with artistic traditions of the past and the future development of the European music. The following methods are used: textual study of musical and poetic works in sheet music or graphical and musical or sound forms of existence; intertextual analysis; some particular techniques of historical-aesthetic, stylistic, comparative cultural and typological analysis, and comparisons of different kinds of art (music and literature).The scientific importance and relevance of this work are defined by its innovative character, which is connected with acquiring new information about Schoenberg’s masterpiece, which points to the direct influence of traditions on Schoenberg despite his denial. The practical significance is proven by the fact, that despite the complicated nature of Schoenberg’s music, it is aimed at the listener, because first the listener perceives the familiar parts (intertextual additions), which then lead him to the perception of new and unfamiliar, thus creating new meanings.

240-247.pdf

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The present paper reveals, structures and analyzes the main stages of character development from the standpoint of the selection of artistic expressive means and various technological limitations imposed by the digital environment, in which a game project exists, as well as characteristic features, conditioned by a certain visual style of a project. The data, obtained as a result of studying numerous Russian and foreign well-established sources and peer-reviewed periodicals devoted to various aspects of game design, ludology and digital technologies, make it possible to specify the regularities underlying the principles of character development based on their in-game behavior, visuals and psychological types, as well as to correlate these parameters to the user’s perception of various types of characters and their customization. The findings of the present study have theoretical importance based on the attempt to systematize artistic expressive means used in the process of character development, that are able to increase the level of empathy perceived by a user towards a character and the aesthetic value of the project on the whole. The practical importance of the procured data lies in the possibility to use the present best practices for optimization and maximum simplification of the artistic means selection during the stage of visuals development.

248-255.pdf

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This research paper deals with various models of reflection of public space in music of the 19-20th centuries and aims at revealing the contents and means of musical expressiveness of a concept «We». This research was conducted using the method of the musicological analysis, method of a hermeneutics and comparative method. Anthems of the different countries intended for public space and large-scale performing forces – choral and orchestral performance, are used as an example to show the distinction in organization of meanings and musical material within one symbol of musical unity. Also this paper explores the mechanism of emergence of complementary musical contexts and meanings of anthems from folklore and religious background up to real musical practice and socially caused factors. It is proved that the anthem acts as the musical symbol stereotype expressing the collective unconscious, providing virtual integrity of the people, both during historical evolution, and in spatial-temporal «breaks» – migratory processes, wars and other global transformations. It is inferred that modeling of public space of the anthem in music comes taking into account all stages of its evolution – from religious, lyrical to civic-minded and patriotic anthems that is expressed by the choice of certain means of musical expressiveness.

256-262.pdf

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The comparative analysis is made of the glorifying songs in the Adyghe and Russian oral tradition. The paper is aimed at detection of typological similarity of musical poetics of related genres. Special attention is paid to a ceremonial context of the existence of genres, similarity of the place, procedural actions, mission, and signs of magic of similarity. The authors propose a new approach to studying ethnic cultures of the people living in the common territory – the principle of genre parallelism allowing revealing both similarity, and fundamental differences of genres. Ritual actions and contents of the songs accompanying them are noted to be similar for the folk singing traditions of the Adyghes and Slavs. The method of the comparative intonation analysis is used. The scientific and practical importance and relevance of this study are defined by its innovative character related to introduction to scientific use of the new musical text. The authors define its genre and put the problem of relevance of research of a sacral layer of the Adyghes’ folk singing art. Such an analysis of work makes a certain contribution to an ethnic musicology and, partially, to liturgical musicology. Ways of research of the related genres of folklore connected with the general context of life are designated. The authors come to a conclusion that the community of means of musical expressiveness is predetermined by the identical content of the genre, as well as make a hypothesis that the age of the songs dates back to the period of existence of pantheistical views of the people.

263-268.pdf

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