#2 / 2017

The presented monographs of Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor A.A. Vartumyan and Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor T.A. Kornienko are logical continuation of previously published works and are implementation of the project within school of sciences of A.A. Vartumyan "Regional political process: interaction of federal, regional and municipal authorities in sociopolitical modernization of the region".

158-161.pdf

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Linguistics

The paper analyzes positions of the English as one of languages of the international communication during an era of a global bilingualism. Special attention is paid to interpenetration of cultural traditions and changes at the language level. At least, three new aspects in learning a foreign language are revealed as a result: communicative, culturological, and sociolinguistical. The culturological aspect has, as has been revealed, the increased value as involves studying culture of the country and the people through language. The task is set to use English in the appendix to foreign-language (from the point of view of this language) cultures. One of the major elements at the translation of the foreign-language text is formation of English-language designations for elements of the foreign-language cultures referred to as xenonyms. Xenonymic variability leads to the fact that in many cases two or more options of designation of the same elements of external cultures coexist. The translated text is defined as the data carrier which is reflecting not only subjective visions of the world by the author, but is bearing the impress perception of reality by the translator. It is established that the translated text is the text adapted to different existential environment and ambience. Recommendations are made about the translation of foreign-language texts. They can be used in selection of texts for the cognitive and developing purpose in that volume and ratio which will be the most expedient for achievement of language competence.

17-21.pdf

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Imperative and narrative lullabies of the Adyghes are examined to identify and describe the features of their language. Of scientific importance are the revealed language formulas, comparisons, stylistic figures, addresses with wishful thinking, and repetitions of language structure of various levels which are abundant in language of narrative and imperative lullabies. Cheering-soothing language units and verbs of the indicative and imperative moods perform soporific function. It is concluded that striking syntactic feature of the language of imperative lullabies is amplification, while that of narrative lullabies is epic vocative. The genre-stylistic, textual and narrative methods are used as the cornerstone of research. Theoretical and practical value lies in the possibility of using the results of research in courses on linguistics and folklore.

22-26.pdf

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The comparative analysis is made of the reduplicated words recorded in lexicographic dictionaries of the Adyghe language. The repetitions formed according to different word-formation models are extensively developed in the Adyghe language, but some questions do not receive the sufficient judgment. Thus, linguistic dictionaries do not specify all types of reduplication. The special research of reduplication as one of productive ways of form- and word formations in the Adyghe language is very relevant both at theoretical and practical levels since results of studying repetitions show that they promote forming of a clear thought in the course of communication, as well as give uniqueness and originality to language. They reflect such major properties of language system as a tendency to redundancy of information, and existence of the duplicating subsystems, acting as a tool for ensuring reliability of the message and completeness of expression of a thought. A number of such specific features of language, comprising synonymic and antonymic repetitions, are revealed.

27-31.pdf

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This paper deals with social practices promoting expansion of discourse space of the Internet. Social and communication functions of the Internet are allocated. Definition is given and Internet communication development tendencies are noted, its specificity is described. Constitutive signs of the Internet discourse are considered and its system-forming signs are described, namely: participants of the Internet discourse, idea of a social mission, the purposes and the communicative strategy of the Internet discourse, genres, a chronotope and discursive formulas of the Internet discourse. The conclusion is drawn about relationship of the discursive practices of the Internet and value picture of the world.

32-37.pdf

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The paper discusses the reduplication as one of the most widespread ways in morphological word formation of the Adyghe language basing on fiction texts of Kh. Ashinov. Functioning of reduplication in the fiction text in the Adyghe linguistics is described for the first time. The analysis of the compound words formed by means of reduplication shows that the writer widely uses these units in the art creativity. A number of reduplications are created by the author that demonstrates that the writer possesses wealth of the Adyghe language and its means, and uses creative approach to their formation. As the analysis of the text of Kh.Ashinov’s work shows, the considered type of a morphological structure, namely the reduplication, is frequent (one per each one and a half pages of the text), and both entering couple of an element are capable to be represented by different parts of speech. Results of work can be used in course of Adyghe modern language at studying word formation, and at drawing up dictionaries of various types.

38-43.pdf

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The paper explores gender stereotypes as one of the most important aspects of social and cultural life of society. The opposition «men’s» - «women’s» is fundamental to human culture, and there are numerous proofs to it originating in ancient philosophical ideas of the world. The purpose of this publication is studying an ethnic component of gender stereotypes in language consciousness of carriers of the German and Adyghe cultures. The comparative - typological method is used to identify and to analyze national cultural specifics of gender stereotypes in the German and Adyghe language consciousness. An attempt is undertaken for the first time to reveal gender stereotypes in language consciousness of carriers of the cultures under study. The general components and ethnic component of gender stereotypes are defined, as well as national and cultural specifics of language consciousness of Germans and Adyghes are detected that promotes accumulation of data on ethnocultural specifics of language consciousness of people of the world. Gender stereotypes in language consciousness of representatives of various ethnoses demonstrate the original cultural specifics which are displayed in cross-cultural communication. The successful solution of problems of optimization of communication requires studying national and cultural specifics of language consciousness, ethnic and gender stereotypes.

44-51.pdf

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The work highlights the semantic and morphological features of participle that distinguish it from other verbal formations in the Kabardino-Circassian language. It regards the types of syntactic relations and connections that occur in participial phrases both as central and dependent components. The aim of the paper is to study some aspects of participle grammatical nature in the Kabardino-Circassian language. During the study we used descriptive, comparative, structural semantic methods and a method of contextual analysis. The conclusions of the work come down to the fact that the participle in the Kabardian-Circassian language, unlike the Indo-European languages, has quite important morphological categories (person, number, tense, versions, potentialities, causative, compatibility, transitivity / intransitivity), but at the same time limitations of these categories do not give grounds for attributing it to fully independent parts of speech. It is only a verbal formation, denoting an action additional to the main action expressed by a finite verb.

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An analysis is made of communicative failures in mass media connected with violation of standards of the literary language from positions of ethical aspect. We used the observation method enabling finding the speech facts which appeared in mass media; the method of a system research including the synchronous analysis of collected material; and the comparison method making it possible to establish similarity and distinction of objects and phenomena of reality. Examples of mistakes which sounded in the speech of the famous Russian actors, politicians, public figures, and journalists, reviewed and qualified as communicative failures in the field of orthoepy, lexicon, morphology, and syntax, were explored as material of research. The reasons of destabilization of language norm were established and described. It is inferred that the anti-standard of speech is formed not by «bottoms», but the «tops» designed to create and propagandize the elite language personality, and that strengthening censorship and acceptance of preventive measures concerning promoting the Russian literary language are required. Novelty of factual material of this research, certainly, will promote increase in speech responsibility of speakers, as well as will allow carrying out systematic work in the field of language ecology. The practical value of this research lies in a possibility of use of the stated material in higher school lecture courses on the standard of speech, sociolinguistics, speech writing, and advertsing.

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The paper provides information about analysis of the editorial in modern German newspapers with the aim to study the functioning of stylistic paradox in them. The authors give definitions for the notion “paradox” and consider typical features of the editorial as a genre of publicistic style. On the basis of this analysis the authors come to a conclusion that stylistic paradox exists in two groups in the editorials. The urgency of the research depends on interest of modern scientists to the phenomenon of stylistic paradox in modern German language. Due to lack of researches on stylistic paradox and because of necessity to determine its status in stylistics, its further study is needed. The scientific novelty of this work lies in that the phenomenon of stylistic paradox in modern German language is considered for the first time using the material of definite genre: the editorial. The theoretical significance of this research consists in a fact that the materials, obtained as a result of this research, help to enlarge and develop knowledge in modern stylistics, to enlarge the notion about paradox and its role in text understanding, and moreover, they help to solve problems of information decoding in mass media. The practical significance lies in an opportunity of using the results of research in theoretical courses on German stylistics in linguistic higher institutions.

70-75.pdf

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The paper analyzes the metaphorical block of new lexicon comprising the nominations of all parts of speech. An integrated approach to material allowed the authors to present full metaphorical picture of the world in semantic space of languages of different systems. The importance of work is caused by a contribution to the general theory and scientific judgment of lexical-semantic spheres of language systems and metaphorical component of modern pictures of the world of the English and Russian languages. It is established that the common feature for the studied languages is preservation of the main system of models of metaphorical transfers. And within such extralinguistic parameters as the computerization and globalization, conceptual and language pictures of the world do not lose their national specifics. Results of this research can form base for further systematization of metaphorical systems, as well as stimulate further researches in this area.

64-69.pdf

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The paper performs a comparative analysis of cultural linguistic concepts in Russian and Czech languages to detect the intercultural lacunarity in conceptual and metaphorical structure of concepts. The matched concepts are explored through definition and also by contextual, etymological, phraseological and paremiological analyses. Findings of the explanatory dictionaries, dictionaries of proverbs, idioms and comparisons are interpreted. It is reasoned that the concepts under study occupy one of the important places in the Russian and Czech language picture of the world. It is inferred that cross-cultural lacunarity can be manifested at all structural levels of concepts (conceptual, descriptive, evaluative), but we need to say, that lacunas can be detected only at one level. The practical value of this material lies in a possibility of its application in lecture courses on a cross-cultural communication, linguistics and theory of language.

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The paper deals with the approaches to definition of a concept «ideology», and its place in a contemporary political discourse. The author defines and analyzes the basic tenets of a ratio of society, discourse and social knowledge where a key role is played by ideologies which are considered as the systems organizing social knowledge and supporting self-reproduction of social formations. The purpose of this paper is to analyze, identify and systematize ideological markers of the political text representing ideologically marked concepts, actualizing in the text in the form of specific lexical units - ideologemes. An attempt is undertaken for the first time to develop, on the basis of these markers, the certain algorithm allowing determination of the ideologization rate of this or that text. This algorithm is constructed on the basis of the cognitive and semantic analysis of political ideologemes and statistical processing of the obtained data. The ideology is shown to have a direct bearing on social knowledge and manipulation with public consciousness by means of actualizing ideologically marked concepts in texts of public political speeches. The technique of determination of the ideologization rate of the political text is defined.

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The paper examines the ethic moral cluster concept of «hypocrisy» through a prism of its objectivization in a political discourse. The ways of manifestation of hypocrisy in political communication revealed by the analysis of the considerable array of texts from national cases of the Russian and English languages are categorized. Scientific novelty is caused by the fact that the author shows the law of distribution of recurrent units, verbalizing hypocrisy in relation to the subject of hypocrisy: hypocrisy of the state / government; hypocrisy of policy and social and political system; hypocrisy of politicians / parties. The research is of practical importance because its results allow systematization of approaches to study and categorization of moral ethical concepts and can find application in practice of a research of linguocultural concepts.

91-95.pdf

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The paper analyzes lexical and semantic representation of thrift in texts of ecological topics within an ecological discourse, one of the new directions in young science of ecolinguistics which studies the most acute issues concerning language and ecology. Subjects of the analysis are the concepts reflecting thrift in the German and English languages: thrift, economy and die Sparsamkeit. The comparative analysis on the basis of media texts shows that the declared dictionary meanings of economy, rational use of resources correspond to the specified concepts. Special meaning was revealed for the English word economy denoting «gardening of economy». One of important social concepts is disclosed within studying an ecological discourse. Data obtained can be used as a training material within a course of cross-cultural communication, as well as will become a contribution to development of one of the modern directions in the field of linguistics - science of ecolinguistics the purpose of which is to study the language sphere of dwelling of the person and society by means of detection of the general laws, principles and rules both for ecology, and for development of language.

96-101.pdf

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The paper deals with the features of use of modern information technologies in linguistics. An objective of this research is carrying out the state-of-the-art review of use of information technologies and resources of informatization of linguistic and literary knowledge. The key sources of professional information for the linguist are revealed. They are presented in the form of massifs (bases) of information in various Internet resources. A number of the general and special problems of informatization of linguistic and literary knowledge are considered. The following electronic educational and scientific resources in the form of Internet libraries are allocated: dictionaries, encyclopedias, databases, and archives. Their main feature is full openness and service use. Scientific novelty is defined by the fact that information in electronic databases is constantly updated and the material taken for a research was not exposed to such analysis earlier. The practical importance of this analytical review is that the considered information technologies and Internet resources can be used to accelerate and simplify training and scientific research of linguists. As a result, the conclusion is drawn that information technologies, and applied linguistics are capable to be for the linguist not only a source of dynamic digital information, but also directly object of a research as communication linguistic phenomenon.

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The topic of this paper reflects current problems in the sphere of speech communication. A research objective is to analyze problems related to the formation and improvement of the prosodic party of the speech. This purpose is implemented by means of the solution of the following tasks: definition of a role of a prosodic component of the speech in contemporary communication, and identification of ways how to improve this aspect of the speech. The importance of the conducted research is defined by a role which a prosodic component plays in the speech, as well as by need to develop a system of its improvement. Forms of practical realization of tempo and rhythm of educational texts at certain grade levels are a result of this research. Differentiation of the modes of work over tempo and rhythm, on the one hand, and features of work with the word, on the other hand, define a contribution that this research makes to linguistic science. The offered methodical exercises of the conducted research directed to form and improve this aspect of the speech are of a certain practical value.

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The process of creating brand names of trading companies is under consideration. The urgency of the naming problem is due to the intensity of this process at the moment. The object of the study is the English-language names of brands of large companies in Great Britain and the USA. The original function of the name is to identify and distinguish a name from a number of other similar names. The brand name must be different from others, it must be unique. The method of semantic analysis made it possible to find the most popular methods of formation of a brand name. As a result, it has been established that brands of companies are firmly part of our speech and expand the lexical system of modern English, which determines both the theoretical and practical significance of the process of creating names and brand names.

113-118.pdf

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The objective of the study is to reveal Hattian and Abkhazian-Adyghe lexical correspondences. With this aim in view we proceed from the premise that to establish the affinity of two or more languages, ancient as well as modern, it is possible to compare not only words but the root lexical morphemes given the space of renovation of the basic vocabulary and structural, phonological and grammatical differences in related languages depending on the external and internal factors of the language evolution. Hattian words or parts of words and their Abkhazian-Adyghe conformity are considered related if their graphic and the value taken from a Hattian bilingual match. At concurrence of wring and no transfer value a Hattian word or its components were restored through Abkhazian-Adyghe languages. Hattian words are given in Latin transliteration, their Abkhazian-Adyghe match – in the Cyrillic alphabet. The materials of the study were Hattian-Hittite bilingual texts. We have revealed that about a hundred Hattian one-syllable and two-syllable lexemes representing 14 semantic groups have matches in the Abkhazian-Adyghe languages, which excludes accidental coincidence and proves their origin from the same original language system. The linguistic evidence of the Abkhazian-Adyghe genetic relationship with Hattian, one of the most Ancient languages of Asia Minor, will make it possible to shed some light on the historic past of the peoples of the Caucasus. The results of the investigation may be useful for writing the history of the Abkhazian-Adyghe languages.

119-125.pdf

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Phraseological units of the Adyghe language and their correlation with words are analyzed. Views of some specialists on this problem are considered, the proving examples are given. Phraseological versions and word versions are mentioned. Scientific importance of this paper lies in the analysis of some features of functioning of phraseological units in the language and speech. To achieve a goal, the semantic analysis and calculation are used. Results of this research expand and deepen the idea of phraseological units of the Adyghe language, their place in system of language and features of functioning in the speech, and provide a methodological basis for their further studying in the Adyghe language. Their practical importance lies in obtaining knowledge on their distribution in the language and speech and in drawing up phraseological dictionaries.

126-130.pdf

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Using works of the bilingual writer Ramazan Trakho as an example, the author of this paper examines features of sovietisms depending on their classification, since, being a reflection of the peculiarities of historical and cultural development of the country, mentality and worldview of the people, sovietisms create certain difficulties in their use and translation into different languages. This paper aims to identify the specifics of sovietisms in emigrant prose of the bilingual writer as a linguocultural phenomenon. The research of linguoculturological potential of background knowledge of sovietisms in emigrant prose which contains regional geographic information in its symbolic view is for the first time conducted. The concepts developed within cognitive linguistics and lingual cultural study became a methodological basis. Use of the complex technique of the analysis of lexical material, including a descriptive method, a method of the component analysis and the functional-conceptual analysis of various theme groups of Russian lexicon makes it possible to claim that lexical layer of sovietisms represents a certain picture of the world, a special part of Russian dictionary structure, reflecting realities of life of the Soviet people. Study of texts of the bilingual writer assumes consideration of the national specific information characteristic of a certain nation.

131-137.pdf

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For the first time in a domestic metaphorology, examining «A travel across Kamchatka» of I. Selvinsky from the point of view of semantic microfields, we at first carried out differentiation of these objects into core and peripheral microfields. The second of the called clusters, namely: peripheral semantic microfields, is subject to disclosure in this paper. Similar detail of the data, distribution of microfields, undoubtedly, are scientifically important when studying the theory of the metaphorical field. Practical value of this work lies in a possibility of application of the shown scheme at identification of similar semantic-metaphorical structures in art texts of other authors. Our approach to studying the metaphorical field of the work is based on researches of G.N. Sklyarevskaya who subdivided all metaphors of poetic diction into six semantic categories. In our work we went slightly further: our method of research of the metaphorical field of I.Selvinsky assumes correlation of the above-stated categories with core or peripheral microfields of the poetic work, its integral metaphorical field. The main outcome of this paper is definition and the description of peripheral semantic microfields in the poetic work of I. Selvinsky. The complex of semantic spheres which is proved to be associated with peripheral microfields in the paper is presented in conclusions of this work that makes a certain contribution to a metaphorology of poetic diction as branch of domestic linguistic science. This research and its results can be useful to similar works on a metaphorology and stylistics of art texts.

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Literary Criticism

This paper explores specific features of genre invariants of Russian Christmas stories, an ideological and art originality of case texts of the Russian Christmas prose. On the basis of a comparative typological method, synchronic and diachronic approaches, the fact is established that the Christmas genre in the Russian prose received the specific interpretations caused by an originality of national Christian culture and mentality. Relevance of work is related to poor study of a problem of genre modifications and art specifics of the Russian Christmas story. Main are conclusions that various genre and art invariants are identified in the majority of Christmas works of the Russian literature of the 19th century. These invariants are based on specific national perception of Christmas in Russia, features of national consciousness and mentality in which a special role is played by Christian and Easter archetypes.

144-149.pdf

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Typological features of formation and development of the Adyghe lyrical poetry of the 1960s – the 1980s, topics originality, evolution of the conflict and genre forms of poetry of M. Paranuk, A. Evtykh, M.S. Yakhutl, K. Zhane, I. Mashbash, Kh. Beretar, K. Nalbiy, and N. Bagov are investigated. The authors define ideological, thematic, structural and style features of works, which are determined, on the one hand, by the principles of socialist realism and in due time by the theory of absence of conflict. Lines of a new stage of literary process of the 1960s – the 1980s are marked – special attention is paid to a phenomenon of the certain person, and to the idea about self-valuable importance of the human person which in turn lead to revaluation of esthetic values. Use of historical-literary, comparative and typological methods makes it possible to formulate conclusions that the Adyghe poetry passes the way of release from the social order, solemnity, ideological stamps, and publicistic verbosity. Expansion of poetic range at display of the different parties of reality, problematical character strengthening, a research of difficult philosophical and ethical questions, hard work of poetic feeling become a reality. The research makes a contribution to the solution of problems of evolution of various genres of poetry of national literature, and results can be applied at a research of history of literature, working out of higher school textbooks and education manuals.

150-156.pdf

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This paper explores features of formation and development of the Adyghe historical and historical-revolutionary prose of the 1960-1980s. The authors formulate lines of a new stage of domestic art of the word which exerted impact on prose evolution of the Adyghe new written literature – strengthening the concept of the personality and the movement to artistic, dimensional, concentrated, problematic analytical display. An analysis is made of the topics originality, evolution of the conflict and genre forms of works of T. Kerashev, A. Evtykh, Yu. Tlyusten, D. Kostanov, and I. Mashbash. Ideological, thematic, structural and style features of works are defined, on the one hand, by lines of the traditional, descriptive, panoramic novel, and, on the other hand, by new tendencies: strengthening the concept of the personality, use of diverse poetic forms and application of the psychological analysis. Reliance on historical-literary, comparative and typological methods allows formulating conclusions that the prose on a historical-revolutionary and historical topics passed a complicated way from a descriptiveness and eventivity to art problematical character, and intensive searches for unknown earlier genre modifications. The research makes a contribution to the solution of problems of formation and development of various genres of prose in national literature. Practical value lies in a possibility of use of results at a research of history of literature, creation of higher school textbooks and education manuals.

157-162.pdf

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This research deals with features of art implementation of an antithesis of poetry and the truth, dream and reality on the basis of the material taken from “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow». The aim of the present research is to provide an analysis of the methods of figurative and semantic disclosure of archetypes and mythemes, imitation of documentary and publicistic style and simultaneous prevalence in structure of the text of oral tradition, colloquial lexicon, features of lyrical-romantic, and partly an idyllic chronotope of the work. The authors explore the facts of reconsideration of mystical-allegorical manifestation of archaic folklore and ethnographic representations, traditions and customs; and irony as latent form of ridiculing human superstitions, primitive nature of mass consciousness. The conclusion is drawn that the antithesis of the rational and irrational is relevant for the concept of W. Irving on preservation of original cultural heritage, traditional national culture as dichotomy of two considerable tendencies – globalization and antiglobal studies.

163-169.pdf

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This paper examines the specificity of the historical-philosophical context in the story of the modern Chechen writer M.E. Beksultanov “The road returning to top”. The study uses the comparative-historical and functional methods. Based on fiction text and documents of the era, the broad contours of the real situation in Chechnya in the 1917s - 1920s are recreated. The authors show deep contradictions, and the obvious stratification of national society, involved in the revolution and in the civil war. The story depicts historical characters that have had direct relevance to landmark decisions in the life of the Chechen people, underlining their tragic outcome. The image of Tapa Chermoev, large petroindustrialist, a prominent political figure of the early twentieth century is presented at a close-up. Detailed analysis is made of his speech at a meeting of the Chechen poor people in one of the villages. Defeated Chermoev is treated as defeat of the entire nation, which did not dope out all the tragic consequences of the new Government to be installed. An episode of leaving of Chermoev from a scene has the generalized symbolic character, because together with it the tercentenary era of government of Romanov descends from a historical proscenium, and national suburbs of Russia lose old tenor of life, key moral principles on which the world order in society was built.

170-176.pdf

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The paper examines the issues of emergence and formation of postmodernism and its literary form, the essence of postmodern outlook and specifics of postmodern esthetics demonstrating the disappointment in ideals and values of the Renaissance and the Enlightenment with their belief in progress, creativity of reason, and infinity of human opportunities. For the first time it is defined that typological line for national invariants of postmodernism is the identification with an era of the «tired», «entropic» culture noted for eschatological moods, esthetic mutations, diffusion of big styles, and eclectic mixture of art languages. The comparative analysis of cultures of a modernist style and postmodern is carried out. It is noted that avant-garde attitude to novelty in postmodernism is resisted by the aspiration to include in the modern art the integrated experience of world culture by its ironic citing. At the same time a reflection concerning the modernist concept of the world as chaos develops into experience of game development of this chaos, turning it into the habitat of the modern person. Fundamental characteristics of the postmodern text are identified. It is inferred that combining within one work of the styles, figurative motives and techniques borrowed from stores of various eras, regions and subcultures, as well as the «two-targeting» of literature based on an intertextuality became specific feature of postmodernism.

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The material presented in this paper is designed to consider features and dynamics of formation of a genre of the tragedy on historical plots in the Russian classicism of the 18th century. In the main lines the model of this genre was created only at the end of this period. Echoes of complicated formation of a way and basic theoretical foundations of the tragedy had art and esthetic consequences in the first quarter of the 19th century. This work is dictated by the aspiration to present in more detail fundamental stages of relationship of the Russian tragedy and the Russian history, muster of various theories and literary practice, and to substantiate them, proceeding from a paradigm of the general development of new national literature. The conceptual structure of the considered model of a genre was in direct dependence on questions of originality of the Russian classicism and the principles of its formation. In turn, it is obvious that the place of national history in this process was the mainstream. The choice of a subject of this paper is also explained by this. Problems of chronology and periodization are solved by the author according to the developed tradition: in process of emergence of works in the press. As a result not only the tableau vivant of history of classicism is recreated, but also the genre space of the tragedy is modelled as process, as a bosom in which the art and historical thinking of the 18th century grew ripe. And that it is even more important: dialogue of history and present.

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Journalism

The concept «technology» in researches of mass communications is examined to provide an analysis of the object and to identify the main stages of its evolution and modifications. On the basis of methods of the analysis and comparison of works of the Russian and foreign scientists, similarities and the main distinctions to definition of «technics» are identified. Transformation of the term and its use in such concepts as PR-technology, Internet technology, web technology, and information technology make relevance of this work. Thus, the term «technology» from the initial definition «craft» separated from the concept «technics» and began to be used in information space as the tool or a method for achievement of definite purposes.

191-195.pdf

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Study of Arts

This paper explores the piece of music of the Ossetian composer A.V. Makoev «Fantasy» (for two pianos) which is especially attractive to performers and listeners for selection, expansion and improvement of means of expression, and enrichment of emotional and figurative content of the musical material based on national music. The analysis of creativity of A. Makoev gives an idea of synthesis of composer art with folk musical art which found bright reflection in the work of the composer, and allows saying that a support on folklore, relationship and interaction with it is the ontologic line of creativity not only of A. Makoev, but also of many contemporary composers. The wide panorama covering the whole range of interaction and interferences of genres and forms of folk music of the North Caucasus with professional works of composers can attract interest not only of musicologists, but of musicians-teachers who address in the professional activity the best samples of musical literature of various genres and styles.

196-199.pdf

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The article considers the system of musical remarques from the perspective of their functions in sheet music. The central issue in understanding the text of sheet music is the knowledge of musical remarques. Effectiveness of text reading depends primarily on identification of the remarque, and understanding the whole musical text through it. An array of musical remarques introduced into musical practice hasn’t been the subject of system analysis so far. The interpretations of the meanings of contextual-stylistic senses peculiar to musical remarks, different expressive and speech (performance) means of musical intonation, leading to stylistic generalizations of their essence, require understanding. The choice of remarques by composers differs by qualitative specificity and artistic certainty. We paid special attention to the concept of “internal form”, which is attached to different levels of understanding, since the aspiration to clarify the «internal form» of musical remarques is universal process of synthesis through the analysis, understanding the whole through analysis of its components.

200-204.pdf

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