#4 / 2020

Photographs play a significant role in the formation of modern visual reality. Such factors as open access, mass use of mobile phones, the Internet, and the variety and availability of photographic equipment contributed to the final approval of photography as a sociocultural phenomenon. The ubiquity of the use and diversity of photography allow conditional classification of photos, depending on purpose and area of application: in art (art photography), in the branches of science (scientific photography), in technology (printing, reprographics), and at home. In this regard, it is of scientific interest to study photography as an artistic means of reflecting reality in the context of the historical development of graphic design. The purpose of the article is to analyze the features of the use of photography in creating design objects of the early 20th century, to identify the relationship between technical techniques and emerging artistic effects for expressing ideas. The method is based on art criticism and sociocultural analysis of objects of fine art and design. The research reviewed works on the theory of photography and special research in the field of graphic design. The interaction of photography and visual art design was revealed, in particular, the inclusion of photography in the process of creating graphic design objects. It is emphasized that in the 20th century the steady influence of photography on the world of visual images of people is being formed, and the theoretical and practical foundations of graphic design are being laid.

200-206.pdf

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The paper analyzes the main trends of development of related directions of fine art and preservation of traditions basing on the example of Russian lacquer miniature painting. The scientific significance of the study lies in the theoretical justification and identification of laws in the system of formation of traditions of art crafts: school-production-tradition. The aim of the study is to identify the line of continuity of traditions in the work and training of artists and the possibility of reviving traditional art on this basis. The work used experimental and theoretical methods of research, which made it possible to conduct logical studies of the collected facts, test, systematize them, and identify non-random dependencies. Modern decorative and applied art is a complex sociocultural phenomenon for which the preservation and development of traditional schools is relevant. Many of them have gained worldwide fame and recognition as the great achievement of the traditional folk culture of Russia. Based on the analysis of literary sources and practical experience, we come to the conclusion that training in the art of lacquer miniature painting of teacher artists contributes to the preservation and development of traditions in the visual arts.

207-213.pdf

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Literary Criticism

The problem of filling gaps in the study of poorly explored or practically unexplored issues of national literature of different eras is of great current interest. For the first time, the dramatic heritage of the Kabardian writer and playwright Kh.T. Shekikhachev is explored. The data presented as part of the scientific research were obtained during the study of materials from the personal archive of Kh.T. Shekikhachev, transferred to the State Archive of the KBR. An attempt was made to analyze the successes and failures of Kh.T. Shekikhachev in writing dramatic works. The main attention is aimed at identifying the features of the themes and problems of unpublished dramatic works of the writer, their role and significance in the overall process of development of national drama. In this article, attention is paid to the reasons for the oblivion of the dramatic works of Khamishi Shekikhachev. The obtained data can be applied in studying the history of Kabardino-Circassian drama.

124-127.pdf

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The works of M.A. Bulgakov, A.V. Sokolov and V.O. Pelevin are analyzed in order to identify Post-Modernist features in it and establish a more accurate chronological framework of Post-Modernism in national literature. For a deep understanding of the work of writers, hermeneutic, comparative, intertextual methods are used. As a result of the analysis, characteristic features of the literature of national post-modernity are revealed, which, in turn, allows us to establish more accurate chronological boundaries of Post-Modernism in Russian culture. The results of the study not only contribute to a deep understanding of the work of writers as representatives of national post-modernity, but also help to comprehend their works in the context of the world literary and cultural process of the twentieth century, to find common ground between Russian and foreign literatures. The results can be used in the study of the history of Russian literature of the twentieth century and in the development of various teaching aids related to this period in the development of Russian literature.

128-135.pdf

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On the basis of hermeneutic, compositional, intertextual and biographical methods, the paper reveals such features of the genre of letter writing in Brodsky's work as thematic diversity, the belonging of one poetic text to different groups distinguished by the essence of "poetic statement", the place of "lyrical self", fragmentation, collage, "pastiche" – Post-Modernist irony, and intertextuality. In the works in the genre of letter writing, features related to Modernism and Post-Modernism were established. The results of the study contribute to a more complete understanding of the works of I.A. Brodsky and can be used in the study of Russian literature of the twentieth century, as well as in the writing of various textbooks.

136-141.pdf

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The works are analyzed, which include plot and figurative motives from the fairy tale "Cinderella" by Ch. Perrault. The relevance and scientific novelty of the topic lie in the little knowledge of the motives of this fairy tale in the works of Ch. Dickens. A comparative typological analysis of literary texts allows us to argue that in many works of the English writer there are plot and figurative motives of a fairy tale that help him reveal an extensive range of artistic meanings, rethink famous fairy images in a new way and create original images. Analysis of the writer's works makes it possible to conclude that his appeal to French fairy tales in particular to the fairy tale "Cinderella" by Ch. Perrault allowed him to push the boundaries of artistic and journalistic texts using semantic analogies, direct or fragmented quotes, intra-text inclusions, allusions and reminiscences, which were indirect references to the reasons for this fairy tale of the French writer. The practical significance of the study is the use of its results in studying the topical problems of the history of English literature.

142-148.pdf

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The paper discusses the main conflict in the novel by the Buryat writer D. Erdyneev "The Great Bloodline". Unlike the designation of conflict in Soviet literary criticism as a struggle between patriarchal and socialist principles, it is considered as a clash of two opposite types of personality, based either on the morality of survival or on a combination of personal and common interests. The latter is presented in two modifications: a hero who limits his needs for the common good, and a character that harmoniously combines self-realization with the interests of society. These groups of characters are constants that reflect the typology of people at different stages of the development of society. Despite the important role of family values for all characters, the writer shows the different approaches to them of the sides of the main conflict. The historical, sociological and comparative typological methods used allow us to study the novel in the context of philosophical, worldview and moral problems of the development of society and formulate conclusions about the essence of its main conflict and types of characters. The obtained results contribute to solving the problems of novelism, and can be applied in the study of national literature and in the development of textbooks.

149-154.pdf

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The paper discusses the main features and leading trends in the development of epic and lyrical bases in Chechen literature of the twentieth century, the genre, thematic, figurative and worldview origins of the predominance of poetic genres in folk oral poetry and the transformation of these processes in national professional literature in terms of the dominance of prose genres. The authors demonstrate the peculiarity of the evolution of the correlation of lyrics and epic, prose and poetry in the national literature of the twentieth century at different stages of its development, taking into account the evolution of the historical process, the main events of the socio-political and sociocultural existence of the ethnic group. The goal of the publication is to consider the place of the greatest Chechen poets of the second half of the 20th - early 21st centuries Shaikha Arsanukaev and Shaid Rashidov in the history of national literature and the spiritual and moral sphere of society. The authors arrive at a conclusion about the depth and relevance of the problems and artistic searches of these poets for lyrical expression and ethnic and universal consciousness in their work and national literature in general.

155-160.pdf

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The paper discusses the characteristic features of intertextual prose using an example of V.Nabokov's novel "Gift". The study updated the problems associated with identifying the peculiarity of the writer's creative method, an integral part of which is intertextuality. The analysis shows that the novel "Gift" presents various types of intertextual connections with classical texts, primarily the works of A.S. Pushkin and N.G. Chernyshevsky. In a certain way, such techniques of intertextuality as interpretation, stylization and allusion form the meaning and content of V. Nabokov's novel "Gift". It has been established that the aesthetic concept of V. Nabokov's novel "Gift" has a polemic orientation. Scientific and practical significance, as well as the relevance of the study, are associated with intertextual analysis of the work.

161-167.pdf

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The goal of the paper is to analyze the main trends in the development of genre forms of event-chronicle prose of the late 20th century in Russian and North Caucasus literatures in the context of their typological ties. The research tasks are concentrated around the problems of historicism and documentation, which are actively manifested in modern epics. The comparativistic and comparative-typological methodology for analyzing the literary text revealed obvious typological convergence in terms of interpreting historical material, inclusion of the document in the artistic text. The main thematic complex is considered - works about the Great Patriotic War. The following main trends are noted: fixation on genre and style syncretism, the use of creative instrumentation of journalistic genres – essay and sketch, erasing the boundaries between the literary-artistic and scientific-historical context and strengthening the role of the documentary baseline.

168-174.pdf

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The paper analyzes the typological links of new written literature with Russian prose of the 20th century and ideological-thematic and problematic space of literature of the studied period. The goal is to consider a system of artistic and journalistic methods and techniques in North Caucasus event-chronicle prose of the 20th century. The dominance of journalistic genres during the formation of North Caucasus literature is noted. It is revealed that in the process of development, the new written literature mastered the methods of artistic creativity, which in synthesis with journalistic functioned in the original manner in the North Caucasus event-chronicle prose of the 20th century. The main methods of analysis are comparative typological and comparativistic. Conclusions are drawn about the need and productivity of the synthesis of artistic and documentary material for optimal reproduction of the theme of the historical past in event-chronicle literature.

175-181.pdf

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The article examines the traditions of Russian Simmsiniana, laid down in the middle of the 19th century in pre-revolutionary Russian journals, and analyzes the latest achievements of Russian literary scholars in this area. The material for this study is scientific publications issued over the past five years (2015–2020) in Russian and foreign publications and devoted to the problems of studying the life and work of William Gilmore Simms, one of the key figures in American romantic literature. The purpose of the article is to analyze the complex of already solved problems and to identify promising directions and methods for further research. In the course of the analysis, it was found that in modern research on various aspects of the work of W.G. Simms, biographical, historical, typological and comparative methods of literary studies are used. The results of the work have theoretical significance, which consists in the systematization of approaches to the study of the creative heritage of W.G. Simms. The practical significance and value of the article lies in the fact that this is the only, at the moment, research that analyzes the traditions of studying the creative heritage of the American romantic writer in Russia, accumulates scientific information on these issues and outlines the prospects for further research.

182-187.pdf

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Journalism

The paper analyzes the role of newspaper periodicals in the regional media system and the main problems, trends and prospects for their development. The authors examine features of the functioning of the main print publications presented in the local media market of the region (Mayak newspaper (Maykop district, Tulsky village), Sovetskaya Adyghea newspaper (Maykop), Maykop News socio-political newspaper (Maykop) etc.). Based on a comprehensive analysis of media, the publication reveals the main communication technologies for increasing the popularity of media in the regional media space. Also it analyzes audience of the studied print publications. The short history of the publication policy of a number of popular newspapers makes it possible to draw conclusions about the main trends in their development and the factors that led to popularity among the target audience. The paper points to the factors that affect the choice of the modern reader when choosing the media, in particular, it is noted that the ability to reach audiences of all ages is provided by an expansion of formats - from print to electronic, among which the promotion of content in social networks is quite effective.

193-199.pdf

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Folkloristics

The article deals with the problems of organization and carrying out search operations on a single territory. Characteristic features of the modern folklore field are revealed. In order to describe the local folklore tradition, the author analyzes materials collected over the past 5-6 years in the aul of Dzherokay (partially Khakurinokhabl) of the Shovgenov district in the Adyghea Republic, where such Adyghe subethnoses as Abadzekhs and Temirgoevts live compactly. The study used comparative typological and descriptive methods. The method of included observation made it possible to establish that narratives, folk songs and stories about them, learned by them in childhood, prevail in the repertoire of modern carriers of Adyghe folklore. Repeated recordings from the same informants, made over the course of 2 years, made it possible to detect unique, previously unrecorded folklore texts. These include a laughing song about Goshegag, the daughter of Mach Nagarokov, a famous folk flutist in the past - kamylyapsh; stories about Pshigut Khabaruko, a courageous rider from the aul of Dzherokay, a defender of justice. The recorded scattered fragments of the history of the "Song of Auls" shed light on the reasons for the appearance of variants for the characteristics of individual auls, in particular, the aul of Dzherokay. It is concluded that the modern folklore field remains quite productive. A special place in it is occupied by local folklore, in which previously unknown unique texts function. A new type of folklore carrier has been formed, in the passive memory of which fragments of traditional folklore texts, as well as songs and narratives from the local repertoire, are stored. The introduction of the material collected by us into scientific circulation will serve as the basis for further research of local centers of Adyghe folklore culture.

188-192.pdf

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Linguistics

For the first time, the coordinating conjunction and is examined as an actualizer of identity relations at the level of minimal contexts in order to identify the conditions for the functioning of conjunctions and and yki in the Adyghe language as coordinating and enumerating in homogeneous series. The author determines the dependence of values expressed by conjunctions on context, expands the ideas about the functions of external conjunctions in the text and thereby contribute to a more detailed description of their system. Sentences from the literary text, including the above conjunctions, were subjected to the study. The scientific novelty and theoretical significance of the study is that the work clarifies the semantic spectrum of the conjunction under consideration. To achieve the goal, the following methods of a research were used: continuous sampling, comparative and stylistic analyses. The provisions of this study contribute to further scientific research in the field of morphology and syntax of the Adyghe language. Thus, it should be noted that in the literary text, repeating conjunctions participate in organizing the structural and semantic correlation of sentences, pointing to a strong and reliable connection between them.

17-22.pdf

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Lexical-grammatical transformations of the text are analyzed using an example of the translation of Kazbek Shazzo's essays "America, kao, syd Uischyak?" from Adyghe to Russian. The reviewed language material demonstrates lexical and grammatical transformations caused by interlingual and intercultural differences in the stylistic potential of the original language and the translation language. The most frequent methods of translation are transcription, calquing, generalization, descriptive translation, omissions, additions, compensation, and interchanges. The study methodology is based on comparative, quantitative, discursive analysis by comparing the translation text with the original. The theoretical and practical significance of the study lies in identifying the features of translation transformations, as well as in applying the results of the analysis in translation practice.

23-27.pdf

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The article examines the consecutives in Russian and English, using a comparative method, studies their meaning, identifies the features of their use, and considers the mechanism of their translation, taking into account anaphoric and cataphoric properties. In the course of the study, the authors have found that the corpus of consecutive markers of the Russian language has fewer markers than the corresponding corpus of the English language. The results obtained within the framework of the study of works of art by English and Russian authors for the use of consecutives indicate that the consecutive markers can be represented in the form of a semantic-pragmatic field, the core of which are conjunctions because / therefore, so. In accordance with the semantic-cognitive structure of the Russian language consecutives are subdivided into anaphoric and cataphoric. Taking into account the polysemantic nature of the English vocabulary, it was concluded that the most frequent conjunctions are therefore / because, so that. They express not only anaphoric, but also cataphoric relations with the predominance of anaphoric ones. The theoretical target value of the work implies an attempt to make the comparison between the consecutive corpus of the two languages. In practical terms, this study opens up opportunities for further systematization of consecutives in both languages, as well as improving the quality of their translation from one language into another one.

28-36.pdf

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The article deals with the ethnocultural stereotypes of the British about their national character by revealing the internal and external forms and figurative meaning of phrasemic signs. Patterns of the English phraseological units are used to describe the stereotypical ideas of the English people about their Homeland, home, and foreigners, which result in the formation of such a stereotypical portrait profile of the English character as patriotism. The goal of the research is to carry out a symbolic and motivational reconstruction of the archetypes of the national character of the British people, which are the basis of the ethnocultural stereotypical ideas of this people about patriotism. The analysis of the ethnocultural symbolic meanings and sources of formation of the English national character allows us to state that their motivational basis are social, cultural, historical and religious factors that influenced the mentalization and stereotyping of English ideas about the Motherland and Patriotism. The results of the research can be used in the process of the pedagogical activity in the educational courses of the cognitive linguistics, linguoconceptology, ethnolinguistics, stylistics, etc.

37-42.pdf

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For the first time, an attempt is made to distinguish and describe models of conjugation of intransitive verbs of the Adyghe language for a Turkic-speaking audience. The need is caused by the fact that the teaching of the Adyghe language as a foreign language at the University of Duzce (Turkey), is a new phenomenon, therefore there are no worked out rules for teaching. Both teachers and students face difficulties in learning any foreign language. The problem of explaining the differences in conjugation of the Adyghe verb is throughout learning. The study methodology is based on a comparative description of the verb systems of the Adyghe and Turkish languages. Scientific significance is the development of conjugation modules for different groups of verbs, which allows you to clearly demonstrate the specifics of this grammatical material to a foreign-language audience. These are the differences between transient and intransitive verbs, between static and dynamic verbs, between prefix verbs and prefix-free verbs, between different forms and between different times. The description of the specifics of conjugation of intransitive static and dynamic verbs of the Adyghe language, the identification of phonetic laws in different groups of verbs and the derivation of conjugation modules of intransitive verbs allow you to achieve the confident and competent use of verbs in speech, the rapid and successful development of related topics (formation of imperative form, partial and involved forms). The results obtained can be used during language analysis in Adyghe language classes for Turkic-speaking audiences.

43-48.pdf

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The article examines a linguistic approach to solving the problem of cross-language interference in the context of bilingualism. The goal of the article is to identify the most significant causes of cross-language interference. The task is to identify ways to overcome the negative impact of cross-language interference in the influence of the native language on lexical borrowings. The theoretical significance of the research is that the analysis will make a certain contribution to the theory of the Chechen language stylistics. The practical significance lies in the fact that the results of the work can be used for courses of lectures on lexicology and stylistics of the Chechen language. Disregard of the consequences of cross language interference leads to numerous phonetic, semantic, lexical, and stylistic violations in oral communication, and also has the negative spelling, grammatical, morphological, and syntactic consequences in written translation.

49-53.pdf

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This article is devoted to the analysis of public attitudes in publications about coronavirus in public political discourse. The authors consider proper names as markers of mood formation among readers of news streams about coronavirus. News about the new coronavirus acts as a source of information about the pandemic and includes discourse functions that mediate the process of transforming real social events. News texts containing social, communicative, cultural, cognitive, and psychological parameters influence the formation of public opinion. Hypothesis: proper names in news reports about the coronavirus in modern socio-political discourse in conditions of quarantine and self-isolation serve as linguistic bonds that unite different layers of society, creating a hologram of a single mental space. The very problem of coronavirus is potentially dangerous for society due to the increased attention of all representatives of society to the problem of health. The relevance is due to the increasing role of the digital space and the problems of attribution of texts in the news socio-political discourse since it has a priority impact on the transformation of public consciousness. The methodology of the proposed analysis is standard, it includes structural and semantic analysis, evaluation, motivational and target analysis, etc. The study helps to understand language universals in the transmission of psychoemotional moods in a situation of stress in a pandemic situation.

54-61.pdf

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The goal of this study is to describe the features of the metaphorization of the concept of "coronavirus" in the media discourse and to identify the most productive metaphorical models. As an object, we examine metaphorical phrases representing the concept of "coronavirus" in a media discourse. The subject is a metaphorical modeling of the concept of "coronavirus" in the media discourse. The material of the study was represented by the texts of socio-political, informational, and analytical publications issued in periodic print or electronic publications in Russian and German. The use of contextual analysis and metaphorical modeling methods made it possible to identify productive types of conceptual metaphors of the concept of "coronavirus" in the media discourse. The scientific novelty consists in establishing the role of the metaphor in the process of nominating a new phenomenon of reality, the concept of "coronavirus," in the modern media discourse. Theoretical significance is determined by the contribution to further understanding the process of metaphorization as a way to form the linguistic picture of the world. Metaphor is a mechanism for representing a new actual reality and a way to form neologisms and occasionalisms.

62-67.pdf

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The article is the first to critically analyze the term units that are used in research of the vocabulary of fantasy works. The purpose of the article is to evaluate the features of the emerging term apparatus for describing lexical units-markers of texts of this genre. The purpose of the article is to evaluate the peculiarities of the emerging terminology used in the study of fantasy language by Russian linguists. The two problems are to describe the system connections of concepts and to analyze the functional properties of highly specialized terms used by researchers of the fantasy language. Using the method of oppositions, the General and differential components of the concepts "secondary world", "fantastic reality", "fantasy world" and others are identified, which function as synonymous with each other, but in fact are in the relations of hierarchy, and the terms denoting them are in the relations of "hyperonym – hyponym". The theoretical significance of the results of the analysis includes the identification of implicit semantics of a number of terms, which allows us to clarify their definitions. Practical significance includes recommendations on the use of terms-neologisms and usual terms as tools for further research of the language of fantasy texts. It is suggested to use the adjective fantasy as a more specialized one. The differentiation of author's neologisms and occasional words at the stages of creating a text or translating it into another language is justified. The analysis of terms with the "quasi" component was made concerning their research and derivation potential. The term quasi-knowledge is introduced and the extended use of the term exoticism is justified for different classes of vocabulary that mark fantasy as a genre.

68-73.pdf

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The article explores the concept of “translanguaging” that has recently gained prominence in western sociolinguistics. The theoretical principles of translanguaging are discussed in relation to language education, including minority language teaching. Drawing on interviews with Adyghe language instructors and classroom observations, the authors consider the possibility of using the principles of translanguaging in Adyghe language teaching. The study is timely given the recent efforts to promote the use and development of Adyghe, with significant attention paid to new approaches to its teaching in schools. The article is an important attempt to bring together theoretical and pedagogical advances of the Anglo-American academia and the pressing problem of indigenous language maintenance, and to critically evaluate the applicability of these developments to Adyghe language teaching.

74-81.pdf

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The goal is to identify and describe expressively, functionally and stylistically colored online feminitives, to get an answer to the question of their difference from neofeminitives created in other discourses in line with Internet derivatology. Neofeminitives, the forming basis for which were agentives on the –log, were chosen for the study. To achieve the goal, we used methods of semantic and pragmatic interpretation, the method of component analysis, the method of comparative description, with the help of which the features of semantics and morphemic design of online neofeminitives were revealed. As a result, we have established that in informal Internet communication, more noticeably than in other discourses, restrictive tendencies are removed when combining "one's own" and "someone else's". In this case, expression clearly defeats the standard, an explosion of word-making is noted, and the intentions of Internet users are expressed in the creation of perlocutionary neofeminitives. The foreign-language character of the formant should, at first glance, become an obstacle to connection with female suffixes, which are mainly marked in nature - colloquial, stylistic reduced color. The results have theoretical significance, which lies in expanding the idea of derivation processes taking place in informal Internet communication, the results contribute to the study of the category of evaluation and means of its expression in discourses of various types. Research materials can be used in neology, neography and pragmastilistics.

82-90.pdf

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The article discusses the problem of verbalization of Caucasus ethnic identity in literary-artistic discourse. The publication examines factors influencing the denotative component of Caucasianism, as well as gives the definition of culturally marked vocabulary as the main representative of ethnic identity in literary texts. The author carries out the diachronic analysis of the texts of Russian literature of the 19th and 21st centuries in order to determine the methods of verbalization of Caucasus ethnic identity and possible transformational shifts in its substantive plan. It is concluded that the system-forming components that represent the ethnic identity of the highlanders are not only culturally marked vocabulary, but also the special rhythm and tonality of the narrative, which in their totality also reflect the assessment and attitude of Russian writers to the surrounding reality in a certain chronotope. Deepening and understanding the problem of preserving ethnic identity makes a significant contribution to the further study of Caucasian and to expanding ideas about the ways of verbalizing this phenomenon in literary and artistic discourse.

91-97.pdf

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The peculiarities of the formation and development of the subject area "Interior Design" and its terminological apparatus in Russian and English are studied, which seems relevant and scientifically significant, since this area is dynamically developing and requires a comprehensive linguistic study. The purpose of the paper is to identify and describe the conceptual and thematic blocks of the subject area "Interior Design". For the first time, on the material of Russian and English terms of the subject area "Interior Design", conceptual-thematic blocks are investigated and parameterized and the general principles of the formation of design terminology are revealed. Theoretically significant is the study of the process of forming the subject area "Interior Design"; defining criteria for classifying design terms into thematic groups and describing their paradigmatic relationships. The practical significance is that the study material and the results of the study can be used in university courses in lexicology, terminology, lexicography. The study methodology is based on generalization, semantic identification methods; contextual and definitional analysis, conceptual and categorical classification and systematization of material.

98-102.pdf

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Proverbs and sayings reflecting the concept of “learning, knowledge” in Russian, English and German linguistic cultures are identified and analyzed. The material of the study was the paroemias of different structural languages. The choice of proverbs and sayings as the material for the study is due to the insufficient study of the paroemias of the studied languages from the point of view of identifying the semantics of the lexical components, expressive-evaluative and expressive means, as well as the figurative basis of these units. The aim of the study is to identify common and different components of the concept of “learning, knowledge” in Russian, English and German linguistic cultures. The research methodology is based on comparative semantic analysis, continuous sampling method and linguo-cultural analysis. A special place in linguistic studies of languages is occupied by paroemias of learning, knowledge. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that the implementation of this concept had both positive and negative connotations. Common to the Russian, English and German people is a comparison of knowledge with wealth, strength and modesty. In studied cultures, a desire to learn during life is welcomed and warnings are given against small / insufficient knowledge. Distinctive features are a different attitude to the methods of obtaining knowledge, and difficulties in the way of students. Equivalent paroemias were also discovered that reflected the realities of a particular culture. As a result of the study, we can conclude that the presence of correspondences in Russian, English and German paroemias in terms of content, but not in terms of expression, speaks of different perceptions of the surrounding reality. At the same time, the figurative basis of paroemias coincides, since all people, regardless of nationality, think in universal categories.

103-108.pdf

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The protoculture of the speakers of the Hattian language is considered: it is not so much the language itself that is reconstructed, but the extra-linguistic world reflected in the linguistic data. The research material consists of bilingual and monolingual ritual texts in the Hattian language (myths, prayers, spells). The task of the study is to reconstruct fragments of the material and spiritual culture of the Hatts. To solve this problem, a comparative historical method is used. Comparison of the materially corresponding words (roots of words) of the Hattian and modern Abkhaz-Adyghe languages made it possible to reconstruct the original lexical archetypes of the Hattian language and establish that the basis of the Hattian religion – the religion of cattle-breeders and tillers – is the worship of Gods of Fertility and their propitiation in the form of sacrifice. Comparative study of the Hattian and Abkhaz-Adyghe languages and cultures has an exclusive significance for ethnic prehistory of Asia Minor and the North Caucasus.

109-115.pdf

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In the paper, we examine the peculiarities of logical-conceptual structuring of the engineering biology terminology basing on material of Russian and German languages. During the use of contextual and definitional analysis methods, the following thematic fields are highlighted: "Scope", "Object of Activity", "Means of Activity", "Products of Activity", and "Process". It is concluded that this scientific field is integrative, which is objectified through terminological and special vocabulary. The scientific novelty of the study is that we revealed extralinguistic factors of the formation of the engineering biology terminology. Theoretical significance lies in the contribution to the development of economic branch term studies, and in the definition of criteria for systematizing the terms of engineering biology by thematic fields.

116-123.pdf

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