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The Bulletin of the Adyghe State University, the series "Philology and the Arts" |
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#3 / 2021LinguisticsAbregov A.N., Eldarova R.A.Word-formation and etymological analysis of the Adyghe names of the mat and plants intended for its manufacture
The paper examines the lexical units nominating the mat in the Adyghe languages and naming the plants that are used in its weaving. The research material encompasses data from lexicographic sources and field information collected in expeditions by the authors of this work. In linguistics, the opinion has been confirmed that in agglutinative languages, which include the Adyghe languages, the internal form of the word is always transparent: the constituent morphemes are easily isolated. Indeed, in this case, the lexico-semantic and word-formation structure of a word can be determined synchronously without much effort. However, in some cases, words undergo semantic and phonetic transformations that make it difficult to explain the origin of the word, which can be established only in the diachronic aspect.
The purpose of the study is to determine the lexico-semantic and word-formation structure of derived words and to give an etymological analysis of lexemes that have lost the internal form of a word or function with a darkened internal form. To solve this problem, comparative historical and comparative research methods are used. The theoretical significance of the research lies in the fact that the results of the work can be used in the development of courses of lectures on lexicology, semasiology and word formation, as well as in lectures on various sections of modern Adyghe languages and in lexicographic practice.
On the transformation of the emotional concept of Freude / Joy
Language is an iconic system, so it can reflect a person's feelings and emotions. The object of the study is the emotional concept Freude (joy) in German linguistic culture. The subject is changes in the content of the emotional concept identified during linguistic analysis. The aim of the study is to establish such meaningful shifts. The authors believe that the emotional concept is subject to transformation caused by sociocultural factors, which can be attributed along with changes in value orientations and changes in the communication system. The emotional concept as knowledge of the sociocultural deterministic emotional sphere has a complex multilevel field structure and can be reconstructed through the analysis of its constituents. Therefore, the semantic fields method and the free associative experiment method are used as the main research methods. As a result, the lexic-semantic field Freude (joy) is mapped to the associative field. The scientific significance of the work is the possibility of experimental establishment of the content of emotional concepts. The results obtained showed that the nucleus of the lexic-semantic field Freude (joy) and the associative field of the word partially coincide. However, the configuration of the field changes: nuclear constituents move to the periphery and vice versa. The transformation of the concept manifests itself in changing the connotation of the word Freude (joy). The practical value of the study lies in the possibility of applying the developed methodology in the practice of the university teaching of intercultural communication, linguoculturology etc.
On the archaisms gopuz and yeletme in the Epic of Kitabi-Dede Korkut
The paper examines the issues related to the etymology of the words gopuz and yeletme in the historical and linguistic aspect. These words were taken from the ancient Turkic epic of Kitabi Dede Korkut. In the process of research, a special place is given to the analysis of the origin of these words in historical coverage. In the course of the research, the historically descriptive and historically comparative methods of linguistics were used. At the end of the publication, the findings of the study are provided in separate paragraphs.
English phraseologisms in legal discourse
This paper examines the peculiarities of phraseologisms in legal discourse. The authors define the concept of “discourse”, identify the features of legal discourse, analyze the functioning of phraseological units in legal English, their stability and variability.
Phonetic parallelism in the Azerbaijan-Turkish system (based on the linguistic material of the 15th century)
This paper examines the sound parallels and their graphic variants in the ancient written monuments of the Azerbaijani and Turkish languages. In the language of one monument, there are different versions of the same lexical units, or in different monuments of the same era, the same lexical unit is used in different versions. The purpose of this article is to identify phonetic parallels in the Azerbaijani language in the historical aspect based on the linguistic materials of the 15th century. The novelty of this research is that these issues are investigating for the first time within the framework of this publication, which is very relevant for Turkology and linguistics in general. Summing up, it is noted that in the literary language of the 15th century, the parallelism of sounds and sound forms was widespread, as a result of which the formation of the modern literary language went through a complex evolutionary process.
Some observations on the lexicon of the legend "How the Nart Sausyryko got the fire for the Narts"
An attempt is made to study the legend "How the Nart Sausyryko got the fire for the Narts", which in the linguistic aspect is an example of folk speech, which includes all the wealth and variety of lexical, semantic, phraseological and grammatical features of the Adyghe languages. The linguistic originality of folklore in general, including the Nart epic, has repeatedly become the center of various linguistic studies. Nevertheless, folklore remains one of the richest sources of study of the ethnolinguistic features of the Adyghe languages and their dialects, since folklore texts pose many questions to researchers. Each folklore text is a microsystem in which verbal forms of different generations are fixed, they can become the object of studying different directions of linguo-folkloristics. A comparative analysis of the legend lexicon helped to distinguish lexical parallels, correspondences found in them.
Linguistic and cultural peculiarities of interethnic dialogue in the text of an animated television series
The paper focuses on considering linguistic and cultural aspects of interethnic dialogue functioning in the text of an animated television series from theoretical standpoint. The empiric data is based on the American animated comedy musical television series “Animaniacs”. We make an attempt at defining wordplay as an essential component of different cultures and advocate its role in structuring interethnic communication. The wordplay functional peculiarities are specified as contributing to the achievement of the author’s intention.
On the role of non-verbal means of communication in German and Adyghe fiction texts
The paper discusses the meaning of non-verbal communication in the language of fiction texts. An analysis is made of the means of non-verbal communication, their place and role in the culture of communication. The authors reveal the peculiarities of the functioning of silence as an element of non-verbal communication in German and Adyghe languages basing on the material of fiction works. The significant role of silence in the communicative process of the languages under consideration is determined.
Lexical units shaman and kam in common Turkic mythology
This article provides an etymological analysis of the lexical units “shaman” and “kam”, widely used in shamanism. In the course of the research, all kinds of variants and semantic doublets of these lexical units in the Turkic languages are analyzed, the etymological history and the area of use of these words are studied. The linguistic facts about the relationship of the lexical units “shaman” and “kam” in the Turkic languages are stated. It is noted that shamanism is not a religion. According to the author, shamanism is in fact a special worldview system of ancient peoples. Within the framework of the article, historical-comparative, comparative-typological methods of linguistics were used. The presented materials within the framework of this article can be useful for Turkic and etymological, including Nostratic, studies.
Axiological coloring of anthropological paremias with the component “beauty” in languages of different systems
Proverbs and sayings reflecting the concept of “beauty” in Russian, English, German and Lezghin linguocultures are identified and analyzed. The research material included paroemias of languages of different structures. The choice of proverbs and sayings as a material for research is due to insufficient knowledge of the paroemias of the studied languages in terms of identifying the semantics of lexical components, expressive-evaluative and expressive means, as well as the figurative basis of these units. The aim of the study is to identify common and different components of the concept of "beauty" in Russian, English, German and Lezghin linguistic cultures. The research methodology is based on comparative semantic analysis, continuous sampling and linguocultural analysis. The research shows that the studied cultures have the same idea of beauty as something bright, striking; about the transience of beauty; about the importance of other human qualities (hard work, decency, intelligence). In all the studied linguocultures, beauty and mind are opposed. Also, Russians note that beauty is a rare phenomenon and often equate it with youth. The desire of the British for neatness, cleanliness is reflected in the linguistic picture of the world and resonates with the theme of beauty. In the view of Lezghins, beauty entails misfortune, and Lezgins also do not pursue external beauty. The Germans believe that beauty can be a source of pride and importance for women, and they also believe that beauty does not guarantee a happy life.
Actualization of the concepts of "femininity" and "masculinity" in the art picture of the world: cognitive frame approach
The goal is to study the cognitive frame modeling of gender concepts "Feminininity" and "Masculinity" in the art picture of the world. The subject of the study is their frame structure in the fiction text. The material was the texts of classical and modern prose in Russian and German. To achieve this goal, the following methods were applied: continuous context sampling, contextual analysis, and frame analysis of the concept. The scientific novelty of the study is due to an appeal to the method of cognitive frame modeling of gender identity in the fiction text. The theoretical significance lies in the refinement of the algorithm for the study of gender concepts "Feminininity" and "Masculinity" in the framework of frame-slot analysis, which contributes to the characterization of stereotypes that update socio-cultural ideas about women and men. The practical value is that the material of the study can be used in special courses in genderology and cognitive linguistics.
Literary CriticismAbazov A.Ch., Unatlokova L.S.On the issue of studying business and collegial-friendly letters of repressed writer J. Naloev
This article examines the business and collegial – friendly letters of Jansokh Naloev in order to determine their roles in the formation of national literatures of the peoples of Kabardino-Balkaria. The author carries out a comprehensive, objective, and systemic analysis of the role and place of collegial and friendly letters not only in the critical legacy of the writer, but also in the history of the formation of Kabardian and Balkar literature as a whole.
Features of the creative method of Kanta Kh. Ibragimov (from the material of the novel "Children's World")
The paper presents a review of the literary and critical publications of the Chechen prose writer K. Ibragimov, whose work at the present stage has not received a full scientific understanding, which seems quite relevant for Chechen literary criticism. To substantiate scientifically the specifics of the creative method, the hypothesis of the dominance of the realistic method combined with naturalistic and symbolist trends is first proposed. To confirm the hypothesis, the features of the structure of the text, the construction of the character system and the individual style of the writer, as well as ways to implement the main idea of novel "Children's World" are considered.
On general problems of bilingualism
The paper examines the conditions for the emergence of Adyghe-Russian bilingualism in the 19th century, its role in the dissemination of knowledge and the formation of the work of writers-enlighteners. The development of bilingualism in the twentieth century is studied, the significance of its various forms in the birth of Adyghe national literature is established.
Reliance on the comparative typological method of research helps to clarify the fundamental provisions on the connection of bilingualism with the development of national culture, which contributes to the deepening of theoretical knowledge of philology. The purpose of the work is to outline the common problems associated with bilingualism and bilingual creativity and to determine the tasks of studying the origin, the nature of these phenomena, the nature of their formation and development.
Narrative strategies in the poetics of fiction prose by Ya.V. Abramov
The paper is devoted to the study of narrative strategies and functions in the artistic embodiment of the author's consciousness in the works of the outstanding Russian publicist, philosopher and prose writer Ya.V. Abramov. Its purpose is to analyze the author's approach to objectifying the subject, as a result of which a special discursive relationship “author-hero-reader” is achieved. This complex narrative optics of the writer provides a correlation between the subjective levels of the author and the primary carrier of speech (narrator). The synthesis of narrative technologies, eventfulness in works as an interaction between the addressee and the addressant, adherence to the principle of “the hero as the value In the artistic world of author’s works the reader forms a value view of the nature and essence of man and himself.
History as a fact and fiction in the Adyghe historical novel of the 20th century
The paper deals with the problems of representing history in Adyghe art prose of the 20th century. Using the material of the novel by the Adyghe writer A. Keshokov, the authors identify models of the display of history that reveal the idea of a historical and revolutionary work - "history as fact" and "history as fiction".
The epic genre in the works of A. Shogentsukov
The paper examines the epic works of Ali Shogentsukov, relating to the period of the 1930s: the poems “Yesterday's Days of Tembot”, “Partisan Zhambot”, “Young Warrior”. The authors define the genre system of epic works, characterize their structure, and identify the folk folklore basis. An analysis is made of the features of the idiostyle, the dynamics of the formation of the social novel, and the evolution of the transition from the lyrical to the epic genre.
Lyrico-epic fundamentals in the poetry of Akhmed Khatkov
The paper examines the content, themes and artistic features of the poetic works of Akhmed Khatkov, the lyrical and epic fundamentals in his work, which is related to the post-revolutionary era in our country. The origins of creativity, the connection of poetry with Adyghe folklore, with the traditions of Russian classical literature are revealed. The stages of Khatkov's artistic creativity are distinguished (the first - the 1920s; second - 1930s) and their features. The poetic works of the first stage are the beginning of the written poetry of the Adyghes, they are devoted to nature, facts from everyday life, small pictures of reality. The poet does not seek to show the lyrical experiences of the heroes, a wide epic understanding of the facts of life. It is noted that the second stage is a mature period of creativity, the subject is expanding, many works with lyrical and epic components appear, new stylistic techniques, the experiences and thoughts of the lyrical hero deepen, literary genres of the ode and lyrico-epic poem began to take shape. Particular attention is paid to the issues of the poet's skill in the works of the 1930s, the analysis of expressive and pictorial means used in lyrics.
A. Blok and D. Prigov: Angels and Demons
The article analyzes the integration of A. Blok's artistic practice into the postmodern tradition, in particular, the work of D. Prigov, where this practice becomes a way of motivating a poetic sign. The authors discuss a problem relevant to the history of Russian literature: what has become with postmodern as the language of description of the era in the 21st century, how it is associated with previous poetry. The specifics of demonology and its solutions make it possible to contextualize models of expressiveness and highlight the main paradigms in the poems of the two named poets. Special attention is paid to the opposition pair of "angels and demons", its place in the verse space of A. Blok and an innovative attitude to the problem under consideration of D. Prigov.
FolkloristikAtazhakhova S.T.Counting-out and teasing rhymes as an element of children's folklore (based on the Adyghe language materials)
The small genres of Adyghe children's folklore have been sufficiently explored, but some of them have not been subject to special scientific analysis until our time. The subject of consideration are Adyghe counting-out and teasing rhymes as the oldest genre of verbal art. During the study, the main emphasis was placed on genre-stylistic, textual and descriptive methods. The work can be used for similar studies in other languages, for which the importance of such tasks is also obvious. The results of the analysis can be useful in the creation of paroemiological collections, as well as in educational and cultural educational work.
On the problem of the genre composition of folk prose about Zhabagi Kazanoko
This work addresses one of the complex and topical theoretical problems of modern national folklore studies – the study of one of the specific layers of the Adyghe folk prose and the determination of the differentiating genre features of a number of works included in it. The article examines a cycle of narratives associated with the name of the people's sage and public and political figure of Kabarda Zhabagi Kazanoko (presumably 1686-1750), which is represented by works of folklore that are diverse in their genre, themes and problems. The purpose of the article is to identify and study new genre forms of folk non-fairytale prose that have arisen within the framework of this cycle. The study is based on theoretical and methodological guidelines developed in the works of Russian folklorists, defining the principles of identifying a genre, motive, the relationship of various genres of folklore to reality. The use of cultural-historical and comparative-historical methods of researching the works of the Adyghe oral folk prose made it possible to identify new trends in the field of genre education, caused by socio-historical conditions, occurring in the Adyghe oral folk art. As a result of the study, for the first time, moral-ethical and ethical-legal legends were revealed in the Kazanokov cycle, which are special genre varieties of the Adyghe folk historical prose.
The presented article can be considered as one of the stages of development and reconstruction of the system of genres of Adyghe folk non-fairytale prose, the results of which can be used in further theoretical research, as well as for compiling a collection of Adyghe prose folklore.
Study of ArtsLiyang U.The opera “Turandot” by G. Puccini and its Chinese versions: on intercultural communication
The article examines the experience of intercultural communication, realized using G. Puccini's opera and its Chinese versions as an example. Focusing on the “Chinese footprint” in this artistic sample, the author arrives at the conclusion that it was this last opera by the Italian master that became the starting point in the intercultural communication of the West and East. This opera completed a series of works by the composer, in which the appeal to traditions different from Italian culture enriched the world artistic heritage. Focusing his scientific interest on the Sichuan opera “Princess Turandot” (1993) by Liao Zhongrong (libretto by Wei Minglun) and the opera “Turandot” (2008) directed by Chen Xinyi, the finale of which was written by the composer Hao Wei, the author reveals the general and the special in the experience of intercultural communication as a reconciliation of contradictions immanently inherent in Western and Eastern cultural traditions.
International Festival of Adyghe (Circassian) culture in a sociocultural context
The paper considers the history of Adyghe culture festivals, which arose at the stage of formation of Adyghe statehood, and analyzes their goals and tasks in comparison with typologically similar events of Russia and the world. The publication shows achievements and positive results of the festivals of Adyghe culture and reveals internal and external problems, leading to a loss of wide interest in them from the host community and guests. Some proposals have been submitted for discussion that contribute to the "rehabilitation" of festivals of Adyghe (Circassian) culture in the context of modern social practices.
Problems of cultural identification of Circassians through the prism of fine art of Karachay-Cherkesia
The paper discusses the features of cultural and identification processes in the fine art of Circassian artists in the multicultural space of Karachay-Cherkessia. The art of modern Circassian artists of Karachay-Cherkessia is interpreted as an indicator of ideas, themes, images, spiritual aspirations that characterize not only the artistic elite, but also the entire society of the republic. A change in the paradigm of artistic development in the republic in the post-Soviet era is noted and the reasons for this change are analyzed, a comparative analysis of Circassian fine art in other regions is carried out. Currently, in the art of Karachay-Cherkessia, there is a leveling of the national Circassian identity, the dominance of the theme of nature as a sign of a decrease in the social activity of brush masters, a departure into the field of mass art and design, a lack of collective cohesion, and a certain creative apathy. The materials of the study were obtained as a result of an expedition to the Karachay-Cherkess Republic conducted by a scientific group of the North Caucasus Branch of the State Museum of the East in the spring of 2021 as part of the work on the RFFI grant "Cultural diffusion of Circassians of Russia and Turkey: socio-cultural and art-historical analysis".
ReviewsLyausheva S.A., Nekhay V.N.Review of the monograph by V.Kh. Akaev "Sufism in the Context of Arab-Muslim Culture. Monograph. Grozny: State Unitary Enterprise "Book Publishing House", 2020. 523 pp."
The monographic study of V.Kh. Akaev is an independent author's research on the problems of genesis and the evolution of Sufism in the global and regional dimension. Having formed in the bosom of Arab-Muslim culture, Sufism as a religious-mystical phenomenon penetrated the spiritual space of the peoples of the North Caucasus. Its distinctive feature in the region under consideration was that Sufi fraternities managed to integrate into the structure of traditional ethnosocial institutions of a number of North Caucasian peoples. However, the deformation of the socio-political life of the North Caucasus in the early 1990s led to the activation of the activities of radicalists and extremists in Chechnya and Dagestan. The peer-reviewed monograph makes sense of the destructive potential of religious radicalism, which was actively promoted by Wahhabism ideologists who operated on the concepts of Shahidism. Fundamental differences between Wahhabism and Sufism in the interpretation of the theological doctrine of Islam were determined. The author's description of the socio-political portrait of asocial actors of radicalism deserves special attention. The research shows that the most effective tool for preventing religious radicalism is the dialogue of cultures aimed at mitigating cultural conflicts and ensuring their active exchange while preserving cultural and historical identity.
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